汽车电磁制动技术的研究与进展

摘要

Electromagnetic brakes (EBs) are widely applied in commercial vehicles for their characteristics of contactless, fast response, and simple control ing. The principle and research situation of EBs were given to expand their application scopes and functions. The application status, the structure, the working principle and the control method of EBs were discussed to three main EBs including the eddy current retarder, the rotary eddy current retarder, and the self-excited retarder for commercial vehicle. The results show that the key technologies are the external and inner characteristics of the electromagnetic brakes, the matching designs and the design of control strategy and the control er of united braking system of both electromagnetic and friction. Technology focus for electromagnetic braking wil be the integrated system of electromagnetic brakes and frictional brakes, and function extension of electromagnetic brake system.%电磁制动器(EB)具有非接触性、响应速度快、控制简单等特点，已应用于商用汽车。为了扩大电磁制动的应用范围和功能，本文介绍了其原理和技术的研究现状。对于商用汽车上的电涡流缓速器、转筒式缓速器和自励式缓速器，概述了其结构组成、工作原理和控制方法。其关键技术有：电磁制动的外特性与内特性、电磁与摩擦联合制动系统的匹配设计、控制策略与控制器设计。其未来研究重点是：电磁制动与摩擦制动的系统集成和电磁制动系统的功能扩展。