为了评估技术水平,确定新设计车型关键技术参数以及制定相关政策,统计了中国政府2014—2016年发布的9批275个纯电动乘用车车型的主要性能指标,分析了这些指标的平均、最大和最小值,以及不同整备质量m的车型数量分布.参数范围是:100 km能耗为7.60~34.84 kWh,蓄电池组比能量为50.5~199.4 Wh/kg,蓄电池组总质量占车辆整备质量的占比 λ 为9.95%~31.65%,质量里程能耗为78.05~225.90 Wh/(km·t).其中,λ 的均值高达21.43%,远高于传统汽车发动机占整备质量的占比;整备质量m小于1 t的纯电动乘用车能耗高于政府要求;用100 km能耗和质量里程能耗来评价不同m的纯电动乘用车,所得到的结论可能相反.因此,在制定纯电动乘用车能耗限值时,采用基于整备质量的分段限法.%This paper analyzed the key parameters for passenger battery electric vehicles (BEVs) to evaluate the technical level for different vehicle types, to determine the key technical parameters for new design vehicle type, and to make related policies. The data came from the 275 kinds of vehicle model from 9 batches of the catalogue of new energy vehicles (NEVs) from 2014 to 2016 with purchase-tax-exemption released by government. Analyzed the average, the maximum and the minimal value, as well as the quantity distribution with different curb mass (m) for passenger BEVs. As results, the energy consumption per 100 km is ranged at 7.60~34.84 kWh, the energy density of traction battery is 50.53~199.4 Wh/kg, the ratio (λ) is 9.95%~31.65% between traction battery gross mass and vehicle curb mass, and the consumption per mass-mileage-energy is 78.05~225.90 Wh·(km·t)-1; the ratio λ with an average value of 21.43% is much higher than the ratio between engine-mass and curb-mass for traditional-vehicles; the energy economy performances for BEVs within the mass segments of m ≤ 1 t are much higher than the value desired by Chinese government; it might make an opposite conclusion when evaluating BEVs energy consumption by using energy consumption per 100 km and by using mass-mileage-energy consumption. Therefore, it is recommend to adopt mass-based grouping limit or fitted straight-line method when regulate BEVs energy consumption.
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