成年人工耳蜗植入者对音乐音色感知的特点与分析

摘要

目的：评价语后聋成年人工耳蜗植入者对音乐音色的识别能力，探讨人工耳蜗植入者与听力正常者在音乐音色感知中的差异及可能的机制。方法实验组为人工耳蜗植入时间≥0．5年的成年语后聋患者30例，对照组为30例听力正常成人。使用人工耳蜗音乐评估软件（M u ．S ．I ．C ）对两组受试者进行不同音色（包括来自不同乐器家族且具有代表性的六种乐器以及男高音、女高音）识别能力的测试，记录并比较两组的识别正确率。结果①实验组音色识别正确率49．23％±18．93％，对照组90．23％±12．28％，后者高于前者（ P＜0．001）；实验组识别正确率：男高音（76．7％）最高、钢琴（73．3％）次之，吉他（23．3％）最低。②实验组对每种音色的错选率均高于对照组，且选择更为分散，其中将吉他误选为钢琴的错选率最高（66．7％）；其次为长笛错选为小号（33．3％）。结论人工耳蜗植入者对音乐音色的识别能力低于听力正常者，并且容易造成弦乐器之间、管乐器之间的混淆。%Objective To evaluate the timbral recognition ability of postlingually -deafened adult cochlear im‐plant users and to analyze the differences between cochlear implant users and normal hearing subjects and the possi‐ble mechanisms .Methods The experimental group (30 postlingually -deafened adult recipients with a cochlear im‐plant over 6 months) and the control group (30 normal hearing subjects) participated in this study .We used the timbre recognition test in Musical Sounds in Cochlear Implant (Mu .S .I .C) test battery consisting of tenor ,soprano and 6 representative musical instruments from different instrument families ,to obtain the correct rate of recogni‐tion .Results The correct rate of timbre recognition of experimental group was 49 .23 ± 18 .93% ,while it was 90 .23 ± 12 .28% in the control group(P<0 .001) .The rank of correct rate from the highest to the lowest in experimental group was tenor (76 .7% ) ,the piano (73 .3% ) and the guitar (23 .3% ) .The error rates of experimental group were higher than those of control group for each timbre .There were 66 .7% of cochlear implant users mistook the guitar for the piano ,and 33 .3% flute for the trumpet .Conclusion The postlingually -deafened adult cochlear im‐plant users perform significantly poorly in timbre perception than normal -hearing subjects .The cochlear implant users are more likely to make confusions among the string instruments ,and among the wind instruments .