全太阳系深空探测轨迹全局优化

摘要

针对太阳系中全部的248997颗行星的探测问题,给出了一种关于探测飞行器的深空探测全局四维轨迹(t,x,y,z)优化方案,即飞行器从地球发射进入太阳系并采用小推力控制,优化方案的性能指标为飞行器与太阳系中全部行星中相遇和交会的星的数量最多并且燃料消耗最少.本方案给出了四维飞行轨迹进行全局优化的一套算法,该算法由搜索算法和四维轨迹优化算法组成.此搜索算法从太阳系的248997颗行星中寻找获得尽可能多的经过近地球3维走廊内的行星；而四维轨迹优化算法由改进的动态规划算法、基于最优控制理论的共轭梯度算法和静态参数优化算法组成,其中静态参数优化算法用于搜索最优发射时间窗口.基于该组合算法,通过长时间的大规模的飞行数字仿真,最终计算出探测器的四维最优飞行轨迹,在一年内路过了太阳系中全部行星中的12颗行星.%The global optimal 4-D trajectory (t,x,y,z) for a spacecraft controlled by low thrust and launched from the Earth to fly around the Sun is proposed in this paper.To optimize the 4-D trajectory of the spacecraft,a set of numerical algorithm,including a searching algorithm and a 4-D trajectory optimization algorithm is presented.The searching algorithm is used for finding as many as possible asteroids near the 4-D trajectory of the Earth chosen from all the 248997 asteroids in the whole Sun system.The performance index of optimal trajectory is to maximize the number of asteroids met with the spacecraft and the rendezvous times with them,and also maximize the final mass.The 4-D trajectory optimization algorithm is composed of improved dynamic programming algorithm,conjugate gradient algorithms based on optimal control theory and static parameter optimization algorithm.Based on a great deal of numerical flight simulation by using this combined algorithm,the 4-D optimal trajectory of the spacecraft is obtained,the spacecraft passes by 12 asteroids among the 248997 asteroids in the whole Sun system within one year.