Surface evaporation capacity, air temperature and precipitation were important physical parameters to estimate water re- source. Variation of air temperature and precipitation was analyzed by using monthly precipitation and mean air temperature of 8 stations in Liaocheng from 1962 to 2011. Surface evaporation was estimated by Gaoqiao equation, and the difference between precipitation and evaporation was calculated too. The result showed that local temperature increased with the rate of 0.2~C/10 a since 1990, and the seasonal distribution of precipitation, evaporation and the difference between precipitation and evaporation was similar to the monthly distribution and was biggest in July and smallest in January. Local precipitation was sufficient in summer and least in winter. The inter - annual variation of precipitation and the difference between precipitation and evaporation was greater than that of evaporation, their a- nomaly range was 250.2 - 354.3 mm and 138.8 - 119.2 ram, respectively. In the future, as a question, drought and flood will still remain in Liaocheng area, the shortage of water resource will be still serious.%地面蒸发量、气温和降水是估算水资源各分量的重要物理量。利用山东聊城地区8个国家气象观测站1962～2011年的月平均气温及月降水资料,分析了聊城地区气温、降水的变化特征,用高桥浩一郎的陆面蒸发经验公式估算了蒸发量,并分析计算了相应的降蒸差及其演变特征。结果显示：自1990年发生由冷到暖的突变以来,当地气温呈上升趋势,线性倾向值为0.2℃/10 a;降水量、蒸发量和降蒸差季节分布和逐月分布一致,1月最小,7月最大。夏季降水最为丰富,秋季次之,春季和冬季最少;降水量和降蒸差的年际间变幅很大（降水距平值范围为-250.2～354.3 mm）,且呈减少趋势,蒸发量变幅没有降水量变幅大（蒸发距平值范围为-138.8～119.2 mm）,且年际间相对稳定;未来本地区旱涝问题依然存在,水资源短缺的形势依然严峻。
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