大气垂直运动对雷达估测降水的影响

摘要

运用雷达反射率因子(Z)与降水强度(R)之间的关系定量估测降水,降水云体中的大气垂直运动(wa)不可忽视.PARSIVEL激光雨滴谱仪(简称PARSIVEL)在获取雨滴粒径分布的同时可以从测量的雨滴下降速度分布中提取ωa,用于分析PARSIVEL高度上的大气垂直运动对雷达Z估测降水强度影响.使用2014年5-6月华南季风降水观测试验期间广东阳江5次层状云、6次对流性降水过程中PARSIVEL数据分析大气垂直运动对定量估测降水影响,wa对层状云和对流云降水强度影响范围分别为-0.18～1.05 mm·h-1和-5.44～24.81 mm·h-1,相对影响值分别为-13.61％～13.99％,-38.59％～25.92％.静止大气条件下,雷达估算降水Z-R关系式中系数A,b引起的层状云和对流云降水估测偏差平均分别为10.9％和25.5％.真实大气中雷达估测降水的偏差平均情况是层状云降水由于wa的对消作用降低为9.2％,对流云降水则增加到51.2％.对流性降水中大气垂直运动对雷达估测降水的影响较大.%The radar quantitative precipitation estimation(QPE) is one of the main purpose of weather radar application.QPE products are applied very well due to wide space coverage,good precision and high spatial and temporal resolution of precipitation information.Main influencing factors cause differences between the QPE from radar and ground observation include the accuracy of the radar reflectivity,inconsistent of spatial and temporal between the radar and surface observation,and complex precipitation particle raindrop spectrum distribution.Air vertical motion effect in precipitation system and its temporal variation of random fluctuation is another important factor.Raindrop spectral distribution is considered with the development of radar QPE in recent years,and its falling speed can be achieved at the same time from PARSIVEL disdrometer.The air vertical motion acquired from data of PARSIVEL can be used to analyze its influence to the radar QPE.Using PARSIVEL data from the Southern China Monsoon Rainfall Experiment (SCM-REX) during May and June 2014 at Yangjiang,Guangdong Province,several precipitation processes are analyzed,including 5 stratiform cloud (SC) precipitation events and 6 convective cloud (CC) precipitation events.The vertical air motion is retrieved and their influences on the QPE precision for both SC and CC are analyzed.The vertical air motion influencing value for 5 SC events are between-0.18 mm · h-1 and-1.05 mm · h-1,ranging from 13.61％ to 13.99％.The vertical air motion influencing value for the six CC events are between 5.44 mm · h-1 and 24.81 mm · h-1,ranging from-38.59％ to 25.92％.The influence on CC is greater than that on SC.PARSIVEL observation is applied to estimate the A and b coefficient in Z-R relation.The average deviation estimates SC under stationary atmospheric condition is 10.9％ and 9.2％ under non-stationary atmospheric condition.The vertical air motion effect partly offset by the uncertainty of the estimated precipitation Z-R relation.Average deviations of radar QPE are 25.5％,51.2％ under the stationary and non-stationary atmospheric conditions.After considering the raindrop spectrum distributions,the error of radar QPE is mainly from the vertical air motion.The deviation of QPE is related to data duration,shorter data usually lead to greater deviation.Simulation experiments are also carried out using PARSIVEL data to investigate this influence.