基于光声谱的生物组织'指纹'光声诊断术

摘要

肿瘤诊断主要采用医学影像结合组织活检病理予以确诊,但尚未实现高效的早期肿瘤筛查,现有影像术的诊断信息不全面和病理的有创、耗时长是关键问题.近年来快速发展起来的新型生物医学光声成像和光声谱分析技术,对生物组织的分子、化学和功能信息高度灵敏,可实现组织"指纹"的量化检测,且实时、无放射性、无电离性,与其他影像技术融合后具有实现无创"质谱"检测的巨大潜力.该文基于光声信号在光学和声学两个维度的谱分析,实现多种肿瘤和正常组织的光声组织"指纹"成像;提取的量化参数对肿瘤、癌前病变和正常组织进行了有效区分.这项技术有望实现高效、无创、低价的在体早期肿瘤筛查.%Medical imaging techniques and pathological biopsy are usually used for tumor diagnosis, but difficult for screening of early-stage tumor. Its key problems include that the diagnosis information offered by the existing image imaging techniques is not comprehensive and biopsy is invasive and time consuming. In recent years, biomedical photoacoustic imaging and its spectrum analysis has been developing rapidly, which can realize quantitative detection of tissue"fingerprint"because it's highly sensitive to the information of the molecules, chemistry and function of biological tissue. If being fused with other imaging techniques,real-time tissue composition analysis can be realized in vivo without radiation and ionization. In this paper, based on photoacoustic spectrum analysis at optical dimension and acoustical dimension,the photoacoustic tissue"fin-gerprints"of some different kinds of tumor have been preliminarily researched,whose quantitative parameters can distinguish tumor, precancerous lesion and normal tissues effectively. This technology is promising to realize high efficient,non-invasive and low-cost screening of tumor at its early-stage.