氮肥深施对水稻生长和产量的影响

摘要

[目的]为氮肥在巢湖流域水稻生产中的合理施用提供参考.[方法]试验设全程深施、基肥深施、面施和不施氮肥4个处理,采用完全随机排列研究了氮肥深施对水稻生长和产量的影响.[结果]拔节期和抽穗期,不同处理的根冠比和根系干重的大小关系为:全程深施﹥基肥深施﹥面施.成熟期,不同处理的根冠比和根系干重的大小关系为:全程深施﹥面施﹥基肥深施.与不施氮肥处理相比,面施、基肥深施和全程深施处理的单位面积有效穗数分别提高了39.9%、40.5%和39.4%,每穗粒数分别增加了5.1%、5.7%和10.3%.与面施处理相比,基肥深施和全程深施处理的每穗粒数分别增加了0.6%和5.8%;全程深施处理的千粒重增加了5.5%.施氮处理较不施氮处理增产43.0%～52.5%,全程深施处理较面施处理增产6.7%.[结论]氮肥深施可以促进水稻的生长发育,提高水稻的产量.%[ Objective] The study aimed to supply references for the reasonable application of N fertilizer in the rice production of Chaohu Lake basin. [Method] Four treatments of full-process deep application, deep application of base fertilizer, superficial application and no N application were arranged in the experiment and the completely random arrangement was adopted to study the effects of the deep application of N fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice. [ Result] In jointing and heading stages, the sequence of root-shoot ratios and dry root weights of different treatments was as follow; full-process deep application > deep application of base fertilizer > superficial application. In maturing stage, the sequence of root-shoot ratios and dry root weights of different treatments was as follow: full-process deep application > superficial application > deep application of base fertilizer. Compared with no N application treatment, the effective panicles per unit area in the treatments of superficial application, deep application of base fertilizer and full-process deep application were increased by 39. 9% , 40. 5% and 39.4% resp. and their grains per panicle were increased by 5. 1 % , 5. 7% and 10. 3% resp. Compared with the treatment of superficial application , the grains per panicle in the treatments of deep application of base fertilizer and full-process deep application were increased by 0.6% and 5. 8% resp. and the 1 000-seed weight in the treatment of full-process deep application was increased by 5. 5%. Compared with no N application treatment, the yields were increased by 43.0% -52.5% in N application treatments. Compared with the treatment of superficial application , the yield in the treatment of full-process deep application was increased by 6.7%. [ Conclusion ] The deep application of N fertilizer could promote the growth and development of rice and increase its yield.