[Objective] The research aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of Chinese important fiber plant Boehmeria nivea effectively and determine a reasonable sampling strategy of ramie populations.[Method] Five populations distributed different habitats, which were evaluated by 8 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in 6 sample levels with different sample size.[Result] ①The number of alleles and genetic diversity index were different from the populations distributed different habitats;② The number of alleles and genetic diversity index increased along with the sampling size from 4 to 24 plants, and were not changed when the sample size over 20;③ The number of alleles and genetic diversity index of 5 populations owned more than 95 percentage genetic variations of the total population when the sample size was 20.[Conclusion] 20 individuals could represent the whole population of Boehmeria nivea based on the genetic diversity of SSR.%[目的] 研究我国重要纤维植物苎麻的遗传多样性,确定苎麻居群的合理取样策略.[方法] 以不同生境的5个居群为研究对象,每个居群分单株采集24株,分为4、8、12、16、20、24株6个取样梯度,利用8对SSR引物进行遗传多样性分析.[结果] ①分布于不同生境的苎麻居群的等位基因数和遗传多样性指数各不同;②随着分析单位个体数目从4株增加到20株,各居群的多态位点数和遗传多样性指数均表现增大的趋势,但当分析单位的个体数目在20株以上时,多态位点数和遗传多样性指数基本不再发生变化;③当分析单位个体数目为20株时,各居群的多态位点数和遗传多样性指数分别包含了各自居群95%以上的遗传变异. [结论]在利用SSR技术进行苎麻居群遗传多样性研究中,以单个居群随机采集20株苎麻为最少分析单位个体数目.
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