[Objective] To expose quality change features of Gastrodia data tuber and provide reference basis for the quality control of Gastrodia data. [Method]Hie Gastrodia elata tuber in flowering and fruiting period were regularly and in-situ dynamically collected,then steamed to well done by water process, sliced and dried at the constant temperature of 50 "C. The content of gastrodin was determined by HPLC according to The Peoples Republic of China Medical Dictionary (2010 versions) ,and the content of gastrodia polysaccharides was detected by phenol - sulfuric acid method. [Result]The contents of gastrodin and gastrodia polysaccharides in varied developmental stage were shown as sprouting period > pre-budding period > budding period > flowering period > fruiting period > withering period .during the sprouting period,the contents of gastrodin and gastrodia polysaccharides were highest with 0.629% and 9. 894% respectively, the regression equation between the contents of gastrodin (y,) and gastrodia polysaccharides (y2)and cumulative effective temperature was y, = 10. 024 -0. 004r(ra =6,r = -0. 996* *" ) ,and y2 =0. 606 + 0.000 8 T( n = 6, r = - 0.935 …).[ Conclusion ] The contents of gastrodin and gastrodia polysaccharides significantly decreased as the plant grew and the effective accumulated temperature decreased,the best commercial Gastrodia elata product was its sprouted tuber,and the tuber harvested before the withering period could be used as the material for pharmacy and development of functional food.%[目的]揭示天麻阶段发育块茎的质量变化特性,为天麻质量控制提供参考依据.[方法]定期原位动态采集天麻开花结实发育阶段块茎,水法蒸制透心,切薄片,50℃恒温烘干,考察天麻素和天麻多糖含量.天麻素含量依据《中华人民共和国药典》(2010版)HPLC法测定；天麻多糖含量采用苯酚-硫酸比色法测定.[结果]川产天麻各生育阶段块茎的天麻素和天麻多糖含量依次为:箭麻期＞抽花期＞花蕾期＞盛花期＞果实期＞枯萎期,箭麻期块茎的天麻素和天麻多糖含量最高,分别为0.629％和9.894％,天麻素含量(y1)和天麻多糖含量(y2)与累积有效积温(T)回归方程分别为y1=10.024 -0.004T(n =6,r=-0.996***),y2=0.606 +0.000 8T(n =6,r=-0.935***).[结论]天麻抽茎-开花-果实-枯萎期块茎的天麻素和天麻多糖含量随阶段发育进程和有效积温增加而显著降低,商品天麻最佳状态为箭麻,在采收天麻果实后枯萎前的块茎均可作为制药和功能食品开发的原料.
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