[目的]研究皖北黄牛品种的遗传多样性、亲缘关系及起源进化.[方法]采集50个皖北黄牛和14个地方黄牛品种的血样,根据黄牛MHC基因序列设计1对引物,进行PCR扩增.对50个皖北黄牛个体和14个地方黄牛品种个体的MHC基因进行序列比对分析,检测MHC单倍型及核苷酸多态性指标,并构建分子系统发育树.[结果]共检测到7种MHC基因单倍型,核苷酸多态位点24个,占分析位点的7.86%,包括18个转换,1个颠换,5个转换/颠换.皖北黄牛品种单倍型间的序列差异在0.26%～4.53%之间,单倍型多样度(H)为0.602～0.617,核苷酸多样度(π)为0.012～0.019.[结论]皖北黄牛的遗传多样性不丰富,与鲁西黄牛具有较近的亲缘关系,二者聚为姐妹群.%[ Objective ] To investigate the genetic diversity,molecular phylogeny and origination in Wanbei cattle. [ Method ] Blood samples were collected from 50 Wanbei cattle and 14 local cattle breeds. According to the bovine MHC gene sequence,one pair of primers was designed and used for PCR amplification. The sequences of amplified MHC genes were aligned to detect MHC haplotypes and nucleotide polymorphisms. A phylogenetic tree based on the MHC gene was also constructed. [ Result ] A total of 24 polymorphic sites covering 7.86％ of the entire length of the sequences and seven MHC haplotypes were detected. Among these polymorphic sites,there were 18 transitions, 1 tranversions and 5 transition/ tranversion. The difference in nucleotide sequence was 0.26％ -4.53％ between the haplotypes. The nucleotide diversity (π value) and haplotype diversity (H) were 0.012-0. 019 and 0. 602-0. 617,respectively. [Conclusion] Wanbei cattle have poor MHC genetic diversity.They have closer genetic relationship with Luxi cattle, and both are within a sister group.
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