梵净山土壤甲螨群落结构与多样性调查

摘要

The community features of soil oribatid mites in 5 plots at different aspects and elevations of Fanjing Mountain Nature Reserve were investisated at different seasons, a total of 45 families and 81 genera were recorded; then the community structure and diversity of soil oribatid mites in different plots were analyzed. The investigation results indicated that, Oppiella, Xylobates and Suctobelbella were dominant fauna in the reserve area, and Suctobelbella was a much special dominant genus of Fanjing Mountain Nature Reserve. The diversity of soil Oribatid mites community at five plots was shown as follows: the plot at 750 metre of eastern slope (A) ＞ the plot at 1 500 metre of wèstern slope (D)＞ the plot at 1 500 metre of eastern slope (B) ＞ the plot at 750 metre of western slope ( C ) ＞ the plot at 2 200 meter of Gold Peak (E). E plot had the highest elevation, so the quantity of its Malaconothrus was extremely large. The soil oribatid mites in A and D plot showed the highest similarity of 0.836 1; while that in C and E plot presented the lowest similarity of O. 613 6. The genus and amount of lower soil oribatid mites were abundant and took for a large proportion. Human disturbance was an important factor influencing the community structure and diversity of soil oribatid mite.%在梵净山自然保护区不同坡向、不同海拔设置了5个样地,于不同季节对其土壤甲螨群落状况进行调查,共记录到土壤甲螨45科81属;并对不同样地中甲螨群落结构和多样性进行分析.调查结果表明,Oppiella、Xylobates、Suctobelbella是该保护区优势类群,而Suctobelbella是梵净山自然保护区比较独特的优势类群.各样地土壤甲螨群落多样性依次为:东坡海拔750 m样地(A)＞西坡海拔1 500 m样地(D)＞东坡海拔1 500 m样地(B)＞西坡海拔750 m样地(C)＞金顶海拔2 200 m样地(E).E样地海拔最高,Malaconothrus在该样地数量剧增;样地C受人为干扰影响较大,Masthermannia数量明显增多;样地D个体数量为5个样地中最多. A、D样地甲螨群落相似性指数最高,为0.836 1;C、E样地甲螨群落最不相似,相似性指数为0.613 6.低等甲螨类群丰富,所占比例较高.另外,人为干扰对土壤甲螨的群落结构和多样性影响较大.