衡阳烤烟漂浮育苗电增温壮苗技术研究

摘要

[目的]烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum L.)漂浮育苗作为一项先进的育苗技术,已经在湖南衡阳市全面推广实施,但是衡阳地区冬季容易出现低温寡照天气,对烟苗的生长造成非常不利的影响,所以需要通过外源增温来克服低温对烟苗的不利影响.[方法]供试烤烟品种为云烟87品种.采用铺地式绝缘电增温设备.处理T1:从出苗后,将水体温度保持18℃,一直到成苗；处理T2:从出苗后,水体温度保持15℃,一直到成苗；处理T3:从出苗后,将水体温度加温到10℃;对照:按常规处理,不进行加温(CK).[结果]加温后,可以显著提高育苗池的水体温度和盘面温度,烟苗在育苗池中不存在冻苗危险.在相同的播种期下,增温可以相应缩短烟苗的生育期,为烟苗的炼苗和顺利移栽打下基础.另外,增温可以有效提高烟苗的成苗率、苗高、茎粗、最大叶宽等农艺性状指标,茎叶鲜干重和根系干重都相应地得到提高,烟苗整体素质得到显著提升,并且以T1处理提升最高.[结论]通过外源的电增温处理可显著提高育苗的质量,其中又以增温到18℃效果最显著.%[Objective] The technology of nurturing the flue-cured tobacco seedlings by floated in a pool has been wide-ranging used in Hengyang municipal region of Hunan province as an advance seedling-nurturing technology, but the seedlings still affected negatively by the weather of low temperature and little sunshine happened frequently during the winter in this region. This trail is conducted to study the effect of electric heating on the flue-cured tobacco seedlings. [ Method] The flue-cured tobacco variety was Yunyan 87, and the main equipment was insulated electric heating equipment tiling in the field. Treatment Tl: water temperature kept 18 t from seedlings emergence to becoming into bigger seedlings; treatment T2: water temperature kept 15 t from seedlings emergence to becoming into bigger seedlings; treatment T3: water temperature was warmed to 10 ℃ from seedlings emergence; control: conventional treatment, no heating(CK). [Result] Heating treatment significantly improved water temperature of breeding pole and surface temperature of breeding seedlings plate to make tobacco seedlings against frozen injury in breeding pole. At the same sowing time, heating relatively shortened tobacco seedlings'growth period and layed a basis for its domestication and successfully transplanting. Moreover, heating effectively promoted agronomic traits indices, such as tobacco seedlings'establishing rate, height, stem diameter, the maximum width of leaf, and fresh and dry weight of stem and leaf and dry weight of root, so the tobacco seedlings'overall quality improved significantly, and Tl appeared the best. [Conclusion] It is concluded that electric heating is helpful to improve the flue-cured tobacco seedlings quality obviously, significant difference happening in the temperature of 18 ℃.