烤烟漂浮育苗新型基质的筛选与应用研究

摘要

[目的]探讨漂浮育苗新型基质配方在育苗和大田期的效果，及其对烟叶产量和质量的影响。[方法]实验用的4个配方中，泥炭：炭化谷壳：珍珠岩：砂子分别为10∶40∶30∶20、20∶40∶10∶30、20∶40∶30∶10和20∶50∶10∶20，记为T1-T4。对照基质中泥炭：炭化谷壳：珍珠岩：砂子的比例为35∶40∶25∶0.[结果]跟对照相比， T1-T4中的泥炭用量减少了70.1%、41.5%、41.5%和41.5%，分别节约成本12.5%、23.1%、8.2%和12.8%，新型基质能有效提高烟苗的出苗率，烟苗素质和苗期与对照相当，产值分别比对照增加323.10、92.25、39.30和2250.60元/hm2。上中等烟比例均高于对照。[结论]4个新型基质配方可以在烤烟集约化漂浮育苗中大面积的推广应用，尤其是 T4可以作为首选配方。%[Objective] This study aimed to verify the effects of new matrixes on to-bacco seedlings on floating platform or field, and their effects on tobacco leaf yield and quality. [Method] The ratio of peat: carbonized rice hul: perlite: sand in the four new matrixes was 10∶40∶30∶20, 20∶40∶10∶30, 20∶40∶30∶10 and 20∶50∶10∶20, marked as T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The ratio in control matrix was 35∶40∶25∶0. [Result] In formulas T1, T2, T3 and T4, the peat consumption was reduced by 70.1%, 41.5%, 41.5%, and 41.5% respectively, which saved 12.5%, 23.1%, 8.2% and 12.8%of the cost. The new matrixes can effectively increase the seedling emergence rate of tobacco. The quality and duration of seedlings in float system with new matrixes showed no difference from those of control matrix. The values of output using the new matrixes were 323.10, 92.25, 39.30 and 2 250.60 Yuan/hm2 higher than that of the control. Besides, the proportion of the first- and second-rate tobacco leaves was also improved. [Conclusion] These four new matrixes can be widely applied to raise seedling in a float system, and T4 is the best choice.