土壤盐渍化是制约农业发展的主要因素.土壤水盐运移研究是认识并解决干旱半干旱地区灌溉后的土壤盐渍化问题的重要基础.在查阅大量文献的基础上,回顾了土壤水盐运移研究的历史,并系统阐述了在灌溉条件下不同潜水埋深、土壤质地、灌溉水质、灌溉制度及耕作措施等影响的土壤水盐运移规律.由于受试验条件的局限,模拟土壤水盐运移的数学模型的发展受到限制,同时影响了大田尺度下的土壤水盐动态的精确模拟与预报；同时,提出未来的研究应该采用系统论观点,以环境生物化学循环为背景,对流域尺度上多年土壤水盐平衡问题进行深入研究.%Soil salinization is a major menace to agricultural development. Researches on water and salt transport can help people to understand and resolve the problem of soil salinization after irrigation in the arid and semi-arid areas. Based on the analysis of a large amount of literatures, this paper reviewed the existing research on water and salt transport, and expounded how water and salt transport is influenced by the water table, soil texture, irrigation water quality, irrigation regime and tillage method. In addition, this paper pointed out that the development of mathematical model about soil water and salt transport is restrained due to deficiencies of experimental methods that also hinders accurate simulation and prediction of water-salt dynamics in the field scale. Finally, this paper proposed that future study should focus on water and salt balance in a long term under a watershed scale with systematic perspective being set in global biogeochemical cycling.
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