叶面喷锌对粉红亚都蜜葡萄几个生理指标及果实品质的影响

摘要

[目的]研究叶面喷锌对粉红亚都蜜葡萄几个生理指标和果实品质的影响,以指导葡萄生产.[方法]以2001年引进的粉红亚都蜜葡萄为试材,研究了生长季节叶面喷施2.5、5.0、7.5 mg/L ZnSO4·7H2O,对葡萄叶片叶绿素、蛋白质、可溶性糖含量等生理指标及果实vc含量、可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量、果形指数、果皮厚度、果刷长度等品质指标的影响.[结果]不同浓度喷锌以5.0～7.5mg/L的效果较好,可使粉红亚都蜜葡萄叶片叶绿素、可溶性糖、蛋白质和果实Vc、可溶性固形物含量明显提高,果皮变厚,果刷变长,且随喷锌次数的增加效果愈明显；而果形指数和可滴定酸含量随喷锌次数的增加明显降低.[结论]5.0～7.5 mg/L浓度锌叶面喷至少2～3次,可明显提高葡萄的光合效率,改善其风味、营养及耐贮运品质,建议在生产中推广应用.%[Objective]The purpose was to study the effects of enriched selenium plant nutrient 'Qingwang' on yield components and selenium content of grain in spring wheat, and define ' Qingwang1 s application value in wheat.[Method]Five wheat varieties(lines) every year bred by Ningxia, Ningchun No. 5, CBO37, Ningchun No. 4, N2038 and Ningchun No. 47, in20l0, Ningchun No. 5, N618, Ningchun No. 4, N2038, Ning chur No. 7 in 20ll, were selected as materials. Enriched selenium plant nutrient 'Qingwang' was sprayed on the leaf faces at the early stages of grain filling, and for every varieties two treatments were designed, including spraying selenium treatment and no spraying selenium treatment (namely control). Ear length, spikelets number of setting kernels, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000-kernel weight, plumpness and yield per polt were examined indoor, and then 250 g ripe grains were chose to send Agricultural Products Quality Inspection Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture ane Forestry Science to measure selenium content. In 2010 and 2011, comparing with control, spraying selenium treatment' s yield averagely increased 2. 60% , grain number per spike 1. 52, grain weight per spike 0. 09 g, 1 000-kemel weight 0. 21 g, showing spraying selenium fertilizer had no significant effect of increasing yield; spraying selenium treatment had a little effect on wheat' s ear length, spikelets of setting kernels and spikelets of no setting kernels, but significantly increased grains' selenium content, which was over eight times higher than that of control.[Conclusion]It is feasibility of increasing wheat grains' selenium content and then rising selenium content of food by spraying selenium fertilizer on leaf face, and that using reasonable, safe and suitable foliar application technology of selenium fertilizer can reach the goal of promoting wheat's yield and increasing grains' quality.