土地利用与土地覆被变化下的河流水文效应分析——以塔里木河流域为例

摘要

通过实地考察,利用历年土地利用变化数据,对塔里木河流域土地利用与土地覆被变化的水文效应进行分析,并提出相应的对策.结果表明,1990 ～ 2000年塔里木河流域土地利用形式均有所变化,其中变化最突出是灌溉用地和未利用地.整个塔里木河流域灌溉用水量大幅增加,水利工程增多,下游水量锐减,流程缩短近523 km.1957-1959年,三大源流汇入塔里木河的水量约为49.4×108 m3,而2000 ～ 2009年减至36.5×108m3,52年间减少了12.9×108m3,平均每年以2 434.0×104m3的速度减少.%Through field investigation, using annual land use variation data, the hydrological effects of Tarim River basin land use and land cover changes were analyzed, and several corresponding countermeasures were put forward. The results showed that; during 1990 -2000, land use forms in Tarim River basin all varied, especially for irrigated land and unutilized land. The irrigation water amount and water conservancy project increased, downstream water decreases, and flow process was shorten by 523 km. The water amount flow into Tarim River was decreased from 49.4 × 108m3 during 1957 -1959 to 36.5 × 108m3 during 2000 -2009 with rate of 2 434.0 × 104m3.