丘陵山区水稻直播研究

摘要

[目的]探索三峡库区实施直播稻生产的丰产性，研究该区域实施水稻直播所适用的除草、抗倒等技术。[方法]用该区域生产上推广的水稻品种（深两优5814、万优481、杨粳508和丰优香占）作材料，分别在甘宁镇冠丰村及龙沙镇岩口村开展直播试验，通过施肥控制、田间水浆管理、除草剂施用等方法，综合防治田间杂草。[结果]试验产量变幅为8446．5～9423．0 kg／hm2，均较常年当地生产水平高，其中产量最高的是万优481（为9423．0 kg／hm2），其次是深两优5814（为9264．0 kg／hm2），产量最低的是丰优香占（为8446．5 kg／hm2）。全生育期变幅为138～155 d，其中，万优481最短（为138 d），深两优5814最长（为155 d）；株高变幅为125．6～132．3 cm，其中丰优香占最高（为132．3 cm），杨粳508最矮（为125．6 cm）。甘宁镇冠丰村试验点，田间有少量稗草未除尽，无其他杂草危害；龙沙镇岩口村试点，有少量稗草及其他杂草危害。所有参试组合均未发生倒伏。[结论]在试验区域进行水稻直播，具有获得高产的潜力。在杂草防治方面，利用两“封”一“杀”除草模式，基本能控制住田间杂草生长。通过田间肥水管理等，建立较好的根系结构，可以有效防止倒伏。%Objective] To explore the high yield of direct seeding rice production in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, and to study the applica-tion of the technology in the field of rice direct seeding.[Method] The rice varieties for regional production promotion of (Shenliangyou 5814, Wanyou 481, Yang japonica 508 and Fengyouxiangzhan) were used as research materials.Direct seeding test was carried out in Guanfeng Village of Ganning Town and Yankou in Longsha Town.Fertilization control, field water slurry management and herbicide application were used for weeds control and lodging resistance.[Result] Amplitude of test output was 8 446.5-9 423.0 kg/hm2, which were higher than that of perennial local production levels.Among them, Wanyou 481 had the highest yield (9423.0 kg/hm2 ), followed with Shenliangyou 5814 (9 264.0 kg).And Fengyouxiangzhan had the lowest yield (8 446.5 kg/hm2).During the whole growth period ranged 138-155 days, Wanyou 481 was the shortest (138 d);Shenliangyou 5814 was the longest (155 d).Amplitude of plant height was 125.6-132.3 cm.Among them, Fengyouxiangzhan was the highest (132.3 cm);Yang japonica 508 was the shortest (125.6 cm).In the test site of Guangfeng Village of Ganning Town, there was a small amount of barnyard grass in field, but no other weeds.In the test site of Yankou Village of Longsha Town, there were a small amount of barnyard grass and other weeds.All the tested combinations were not lodging.[Conclusion] The rice direct seeding in the experimental area has the poten-tial to obtain high yield.In weed control, the use of two "seal"a "kill"weeding mode can basically control the growth of weeds in the field . Through the field water and fertilizer management, establishing good root structure can effectively prevent lodging.