青藏高原植被对气候变化响应的研究进展

摘要

青藏高原作为全球气候变化的启动器和调节器，在全球气候变化研究中备受关注。研究全球变暖背景下的青藏高原气候变化以及植被的响应特征，对于推进该区域气候变化研究具有重要意义，目前已有不少该方面的研究报道，但大多局限于对个别气候因素或个别植被响应的描述，缺乏对多种气候因素的综合概括和对植被响应区域差异方面的系统概括。该研究首先总结了青藏高原多个气候参数（气温、降水、积雪、日照辐射、水热通量等）的变化特征；然后归纳了在气候变化背景下，高原植被特征参数（绿度、物候、生产力、碳源／汇）对气候变化响应的规律；最后针对4个环境脆弱区，包括藏北、三江源、环青海湖、林芝，进行了植被变化气候响应特征的讨论。基于以上概述，分析了青藏高原植被气候变化响应研究方面存在的问题，对未来的研究方向进行了展望。%As an important starter and adjuster of climate change, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has gained extensive attention.Under the context of global warming, study on the responses of vegetation ecosystem to climate change in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has significant implications for coping with climate change.Currently, there are numerous of studies on vegetation ecosystem and its response to climate change in Qinghai-Ti-betan Plateau.However, they mainly focused on few climate factors, or the response of individual physiological process, which lacked the comprehensive knowledge of variations of climate factors and the different responses of vegetation to climate changes .In this research, we first demonstrated the variations and trends of climate factors in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, including temperature, precipitation, snow, solar radia-tion, water and heat fluxes.We then summarized the changes of the vegetation greenness, phenology, productivity, carbon sink/source, evap-otranspiration under the impacts of climate changes.We finally discussed the vegetation variations in four hot spots, including the Northern Ti-bet, the Three Rivers Source, area around Qinghai Lake, and the Linzhi area.Based on the research above, the paper analyzed the existing limitations of the current study which Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau vegetation response to climate change, and made prospect for future research.