黄腐酸钾定位施肥对棉花产量及品质性状的影响

摘要

[Objective]The research aimed to find optimum fulvic acid potassium (FAP) amount to improve cotton yield and fiber quality. [ Method] Adopting randomized block design, 6 treatments were designed, CK:no fertilizer, F:chemical fertilizer 750 kg/hm2 ,F+H1:chem-ical fertilizer 750 kg/hm2 added FAP 75 kg/hm2 ,F+H2:chemical fertilizer 750 kg/hm2 added FAP 150 kg/hm2 ,F+H3:chemical fertilizer 750 kg/hm2 added FAP 300 kg/hm2 ,F+H4:chemical fertilizer 750 kg/hm2 added FAP 450 kg/hm2 . Plant height, fruit branches number, boll numbers, boll weight, lint percentage, cotton yield and fiber quality were investigated in a location test for 4 years. [ Result] Chemical fertilizer added fulvic acid potassium prompted cotton vegetative growth and fruit growth in late growth stage. With the increase of FAP amount the autumn bolls and its proportion also increased, and the same for boll number per plant, cotton yield and lint yield. Compared with F treat-ment cotton yield of F+H1, F+H2, F+H3, F+H4 treatments was increased by 3. 3％,5. 4％,5. 2％and 9. 0％ respectively. FAP im-proved cotton fiber quality, especially increased the spinning consistency index significantly. [ Concluion] Chemical fertilizer added FAP 450 kg/hm2 could increase cotton yield effectively and improve cotton fiber quality.%[目的]为提高棉花产量、品质,研究黄腐酸钾的最佳用量.[方法]采用大田随机区组定位试验,设置6个处理,CK:不施肥,F:单施化肥750 kg/hm2,F+H1:化肥750 kg/hm2配施黄腐酸钾75 kg/hm2,F+H2:化肥750 kg/hm2配施黄腐酸钾150 kg/hm2,F+H3:化肥750 kg/hm2配施黄腐酸钾300 kg/hm2,F+H4:化肥750 kg/hm2配施黄腐酸钾450 kg/hm2,定位4年后测定棉花株高、果枝数、成铃数、单铃重、衣分、籽棉产量、纤维品质等指标.[结果]化肥与黄腐酸钾配施能促进棉花后期的营养生长与生殖生长,随着黄腐酸钾用量增加秋桃数与秋桃比例呈增加趋势;单株铃数、籽棉产量、皮棉产量呈随黄腐酸钾用量增加而增加的趋势,4个配施黄腐酸钾处理较单施化肥处理籽棉产量分别提高3.3％、5.4％、5.2％与9.0％;配施黄腐酸钾提高了棉花纤维品质,尤其是对纺纱均匀性指数有显著提升作用.[结论]化肥配合施用黄腐酸钾450 kg/hm2,可有效提高棉花产量,改善棉花纤维品质.