惠来近岸海域游泳动物群落结构特征

摘要

[Objective]To understand the community characteristics of nekton in the offshore waters of Huilai and evaluate the effects of sum-mer fishing moratorium on the community structure of nekton.[Method]Based on the bottom trawl surveys in April and September of 2014,we investigated the composition of species, resource density, dominant species, bio-diversity and the community structure of nekton in the offshore waters of Huilai by the methods of index of relative importance ( IRI ) , diversity index method and abundance-biomass comparison ( ABC ) curves.[Result]A total of 162 species of nekton, belonging to 3 phyla, 60 families were collected.The dominant species were Anchoviella commersonii, Oratosquilla oratoria and Bombay duck in spring, Uroteuthis edulis and Uroteuthis duvauceli in autumn.The average resource densities of nekton in weight and quantity were 258.8 kg/km2 and 25022.3 ind/km2 respectively in spring, 462.9 kg/km2 and 25686.3 ind/km2 respectively in autumn.The ABC curves indicated that the nekton community in the offshore waters of Huilai was seriously disturbed.[Conclusion]The composition of species, resource density and caught ratio of economic species were significantly improved by sum-mer fishing moratorium.The recession trend of fishery resources had been effectively curbed.%[目的]了解惠来近岸海域游泳动物群落特征,评估夏季休渔对游泳动物群落结构的影响.[方法]基于2014年4月(春季)和9月(秋季)在惠来近岸海域底拖网调查数据,采用相对重要性指数法(IRI)、生物多样性指数法和ABC曲线等方法对游泳动物种类组成、资源密度、优势种、生物多样性和群落结构特征进行了研究.[结果]调查海域春秋两季共捕获游泳动物162种,隶属3门60科.春季优势种为康氏小公鱼(Anchoviella commersonii)、口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)和龙头鱼(Bombay duck),秋季优势种为剑尖枪乌贼(Uro-teuthis edulis)和杜氏枪乌贼(Uroteuthis duvauceli).春秋两季游泳动物平均资源密度分别为258.8和462.9 kg/km2,平均尾数资源密度分别为25022.3和25686.3 ind/km2.ABC曲线表明,惠来邻近海域游泳动物群落均处于严重受干扰状态.[结论]夏季休渔使游泳动物种类组成、资源密度、优质经济种类渔获比例等得到明显改善,渔业资源衰退趋势得到有效遏制.