种内密度效应对豌豆蚜种群增长的影响

摘要

[目的]明确红色型和绿色型豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)的种群数量变化机制,探索2种色型豌豆蚜的种内密度效应对其种群增长的影响.[方法]在温室内设置不同的密度梯度,单种色型豌豆蚜密度设置为8、16、24、32头/株,2种色型共存时红色型和绿色型密度分别设置为4∶4、8∶8、16∶16头/株.[结果]单种色型豌豆蚜从密度8头/株增至32头/株时,随着密度的升高,2种色型豌豆蚜的产蚜期和寿命显著缩短,产蚜量显著降低,说明2种色型豌豆蚜种群密度效应均存在一定的负效应.在总密度为8和16头/株时,2种色型豌豆蚜混合饲养的产蚜期、寿命与单种色型饲养相比无显著差异;在单种色型饲养的密度与混合饲养的同一色型密度相同时,由于混合饲养的总密度高于单种色型饲养,混合饲养的产蚜期、寿命显著短于单种色型饲养,产蚜量显著低于单种色型饲养;在密度为32头/株时,单种群饲养的产蚜期、寿命、单头产蚜量与混合饲养时无显著差异.在单种色型饲养条件下,同一密度下(16头/株除外)红色型豌豆蚜的发育历期显著长于绿色型豌豆蚜,在相同密度条件下,红色型豌豆蚜的产蚜期、寿命、产蚜量与绿色型豌豆蚜相比无显著差异;混合饲养中,在同一密度条件下,红色型豌豆蚜的产蚜期、寿命、产蚜量与绿色型豌豆蚜相比无显著差异.[结论]红色型豌豆蚜在该环境条件下的竞争力与绿色型豌豆蚜相当,红色型豌豆蚜与绿色型豌豆蚜共存对环境表现了一定的适生性.%[Objective] In order to define the mechanism of populations change of red and green color morph of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum),explored the influence of population growth of pea aphids by effect of intra-specific density.[Method] The intra-specific relationship of red color morph and greencolor morph pea aphid on broad bean were studied under the conditions of greenhouse,and the density of single color morph were set to 8,16,24 and 32 pea aphids per plant;the density of mixed color morph were set to 4∶4,8∶8,16∶16 pea aphids per plant.[Result] The single color morph pea aphid of the density of 8,16,24 and 32 pea aphids per plant are reared,the reproductive periods and longevity and progeny per aphid of two color morph of pea aphid were decreased with the increasing density.Therefore,indicated that negative density-dependent effects were observed in this two color morph when they reached a certain density.For two color morph of pea aphid,the total density of 8 and 16 pea aphid per plant,when the total density are same,the reproductive periods and longevity and progeny of which the red and green color morph reared together have no significant difference than the single color morph reared,the density of single color morph reared were same with the single color morph of mixed reared,because the total density of mixed reared were more higher than single reared,so the the reproductive periods and longevity and progeny of mixed reared were lower than single color morph reared.the total density of 32 pea aphid per plant,the reproductive periods and longevity and progeny of the single color morph reared had no significant difference than mixed reared.Compared the biological parameters of two color morph pea aphid single were reared in the same density,the development duration of red color morph were obviously longer than the green color morph in every density only the density of 16 pea aphid per plant.At the same density,the reproductive periods and longevity and progeny of red color morph had no significant difference than the green color morph.Compared the biological parameters of mixed reared two color morph pea aphid in same density,the reproductive periods and longevity and progeny of red color morph had no significant difference than the green color morph.[Conclusion] The ability of competition of red color morph of pea aphid has significant difference than the green morph in environment conditions,red color morph performed certain adaptability at this environment,because red color morph and green color morph coexistent on same environment.