The development process of UPOV Conventions was firstly reviewed in this paper, and the new variety protection status of tropical crops in China also briefly introduced. SWOT analysis adopted to analyze the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat in Chinese tropical crops breeding implementing the UPOV“Convention 1991”. The strength was abundant resources, important role of tropical crops, present breeding achievement, a broad market prospect, meanwhile, the weakness was lack of germplasm resources reverse, less of new variety property, unreasonable breeder structure, less input, weak consciousness. The opportunity was giving full play resources advantage, fosteing enthusiasm on new variety breeding, optimizing breeder structure, improving breeding level, strengthening the new variety protection international corporation. The challenge we face was strictly intellectual property striations, weak fields’impact, and restriction of farmer privilege. Four suggestions of breeding in Chinese tropical crops were put forward implementing the UPOV“Convention 1991”.%首先回顾了UPOV公约的发展历程，在简述中国热带农作物新品种保护现状的基础上，采用SWOT法分析了中国热带作物育种研发在加入UPOV1991文本背景下具备的内部优势、劣势和面临的外部机会、威胁。指出中国热带作物育种研发的内部优势为：资源丰富、热作战略意义重大、育种基础扎实、市场前景广阔；内部劣势为：种质资源储备不足、新品种研发及保护力度薄弱、育种研发主体市场化程度低，结构不合理、育种研发投入少、保护意识薄弱；面临的机会有：发挥中国热带植物资源丰富的优势、激发新品种研发的热情和品种保护意识、促进育种投入主体结构的优化、提高育种研发技术水平、促进新品种保护的国际合作；面临的挑战有：更严格的知识产权制约、薄弱领域的新品种研发面临冲击、“农民特权”限制实施面临困难。最后提出加入UPOV1991文本背景下中国热带作物育种研发的4种对策。
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