不同栽培条件下中华水韭生长对土壤养分、微生物量及酶活性的影响

摘要

In order to rejuvenate critically endangered Isoetes sinensis Palmer, and try to find out its suitable cultivation conditions, we studied the variation of microbial quantity, soil nutrient and enzyme activity after Isoetes sinensis Palmer growth under three artificial cultivation modes, i.e. constant temperature condition (CTC), greenhouse condition (GHC) and outdoor condition (ODC). The results showed that soil pH increased (P<0.05), the number of soil bacteria (BAC) reduced (P<0.05) under GC and OC, but the number of soil fungi (FUN) and actinomycetes (ACT) increased (P<0.05) under OC after Isoetes sinensis Palmer growth compared with that under the original soil condition. Soil total nitrogen (TN) and available phosphorus (AP) content, invertase (INT) and protease (PRO) activity decreased (P<0.05) under all conditions, while soil alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen (AN), total phosphorus (TP) and organic matter (OM) content, phosphatase (ACP) and urease (UR) activity reduced (P<0.05) only under GC. Soil catalase (CAT) activity also reduced (P<0.05) only under CTC. The above showed that different cultivation conditions had different influences on soil microbes, nutrients and enzyme activity after Isoetes sinensis Palmer growth. So it was necessary to fertilize the soil reasonably and adjust the soil biological activity effectively after Isoetes sinensis Palmer growth.%为人工繁殖复壮极度濒危物种中华水韭,了解中华水韭适宜的土壤环境条件.采用3种不同的人工栽培方式(恒温条件CTC,大棚条件GHC,室外条件ODC)培养中华水韭,分析中华水韭生长后的土壤养分、微生物数量及酶活性的变化.结果表明,与原土相比,中华水韭生长后,土壤pH都增加(P<0.05);大棚和室外培养后土壤细菌数量(BAC)降低(P<0.05),室外培养后土壤真菌(FUN)、放线菌数量(ACT)增加(P<0.05);3种不同条件培养后土壤全氮(TN)和速效磷(AP)含量、转化酶(INT)和蛋白酶(PRO)活性都下降(P<0.05),而土壤碱解氮(AN)、全磷(TP)和有机质含量(OM)、磷酸酶(ACP)和脲酶(UR)活性只在大棚条件下降低(P<0.05);土壤过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性只在恒温条件培养后降低(P<0.05).这一结果说明不同培养条件对中华水韭生长后土壤微生物、养分和酶活性的影响不同.在栽培中华水韭时,应根据不同条件来合理施肥和调节土壤的生物活性.