In order to research the effects of different control measures on soil microbial diversity by Biolog, the greenhouse soils of cucumber cultivated in Shouguang City, Shandong Prorince were collected and the relationship between the soils and yield and quality of cucumber was investigated. The results showed that, the average well color development(AWCD)of returning straw to field(RS)was the highest and that of no fertilizer(CK)was the lowest. The activity of microbe was vigorous at the time of cultivation of 72 h and AWCD of treatments ranged from 0.494 to 0.881. AWCD of RS was 1.3 times than that of conventional fertilization(CF)and the difference reached significant level at the moment. However, AWCD of drip irrigation(DI)was lower slightly than that of CF. Soil microbial diversity changed in different treatments. CF had the lowest Shannon index(H)and Substrate evenness(E), but these two indices increased significantly through the application of RS and DI. Principal component analysis showed that carbon utilization by soil microbial communities also changed in different treatments. RS concentrated in the positive direction of the first principal component and the score coefficients ranged from 4.91 to 5.50. Conversely, others concentrated in the negative direction and the score coefficients ranged from-3.26 to-0.18. Compared with CF, cucumber yield and quality of RS and DI treatments had no significant changes. Simpson’s dominance(Ds)and Substrate richness(S)were positively correlated with cu-cumber yield, Vc and soluble sugar content. Comprehensive consideration, RS was more helpful to improve the soil micro-ecological envrion-ment than DI. Therefore, future research of RS is necessary for sustainable development of installation agriculture.%在日光温室栽培条件下，采用Biolog检测法研究了不施肥（CK）、习惯施肥（CF）、秸秆还田（RS）和膜下滴灌（DI）等不同施肥措施下土壤微生物多样性的变化，及其对黄瓜产量、品质的影响。结果表明，反映微生物代谢活性的平均颜色变化率（A W CD）以RS处理最高，CK最低。微生物培养72 h代谢旺盛，各处理A W CD值在0.494~0.881之间，其中RS处理A W CD值较CF显著增加，是CF的1.3倍；DI处理A W CD比CF略低，但差异不显著。不同处理下土壤微生物多样性不同，土壤微生物物种丰富度指数（H）和均匀度指数（E）均以CF最低，通过秸秆还田调控土壤C/N和滴灌措施对习惯施肥模式进行改进，两指数显著提高。主成分分析结果表明，不同处理土壤微生物碳源代谢特征发生分异，秸秆还田处理分布于第1主成分正方向，得分系数在4.91~5.50之间；其他处理分布在第1主成分负方向，得分系数在-3.26~-0.18之间。与CF相比，RS和DI处理黄瓜产量和品质均无显著变化。多样性指数中优势度指数（Ds）和碳源利用丰富度指数（S）与黄瓜产量、果实可溶性糖、Vc含量成正相关，其中S与黄瓜果实Vc含量的相关系数达0.692。综合考虑，秸秆还田措施有助于改善土壤微生态环境，推动设施农业的可持续发展，较滴灌措施更有应用价值。
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