中国西北及中亚干旱区绿洲降水年内分配特点与现代节水农业

摘要

通过比较分析研究区域多年月平均降水量数据，得出中国西北与中亚干旱区绿洲的降水特点差异较大，中亚地区年均降水量313.2 mm，6-9月降水24.3 mm，降水系数平均8.07%，水热配合强不同期，冬春季相反；河西走廊等年均降水量110.6 mm，6-9月降水79.8 mm，降水系数平均72.14%，水热配合强同期，冬春季相反；新疆处于之间。另外，研究区域“山地-绿洲-荒漠系统”各子系统降水量差异很大，但同一季节的降水系数却很近似。上述特点深刻影响着各地的水资源利用决策及农业生产。对于新疆南疆地区而言，更需要根据当地水资源特点选用现代科学技术、加大投入，兴建绿洲农业现代节水型水利工程，结合农业节水技术体系，从“内涵”节水入手提高水资源利用率，增加灌溉面积，提高人均耕地，发展农业生产，实现大范围的科技扶贫，将有利于社会发展、稳定。%By comparing of the multi-year mean monthly rainfall in the study area, the results showed that water resources of oasis in the arid area of Northwest China and Central Asia varied a lot. In Central Asia the annual average rainfall of the oasis was 313.2 mm and 24.3 mm showed up during June to September. The average precipitation coefficient value was 8.07%. And water and heat were intensively not in the same period but winter and spring was contrary to summer. In the west of River Corridor and so on the average annual rainfall was 110.6 mm, the average value from June to September was 79.8 mm and the average precipitation coefficient was 72.14%, where water and heat were in-tensively in the same period. However, the situation in winter and spring was totally different to summer. Xinjiang located between Central A-sia and the west of River Corridor so did the rainfall and precipitation coefficient the same. The precipitation of the subsystems of the moun-tain-desert-oasis system in the study area was quite different from each other. But the precipitation coefficients of each subsystem in the same season were very similar. These characteristics of water resource deeply influenced the decisions on water usage and agricultural pro-duction in different areas. As far as the Southern Xinjiang was concerned, more importance should be attached to modern science and tech-nology, increase the investment in water conservancy project construction, combining with the water-saving agricultural technologies, to im-prove the efficiency of water usage from the connotation aspect. It would be also conducive to enlarge the irrigation area, increase the per cul-tivated area, promote agricultural development, alleviate poverty in a wider range and benefit the social stability.