粮食生产过程中的原材料生产、能源消耗、氮肥施用以及农机作业等过程均会排放大量的温室气体.本研究通过对山东省高密市冬小麦-夏玉米种植系统粮食种植过程的原材料投入和农业管理措施等进行问卷调查,采用生命周期评估(Life cycle assessment,LCA)方法学核算当地小麦和玉米生产过程的碳足迹(Carbon footprint,CFP).结果表明,高密市小麦、玉米生产和冬小麦-夏玉米种植系统单位面积的碳足迹分别为5183.33、3778.09 kg CO2-eq·hm-2和8961.42 kg CO2-eq·hm-2,单位产量的碳足迹分别为0.69、0.40 kg CO2-eq·kg-1和0.53 kg CO2-eq·kg-1,单位净现值的碳足迹分别为1.82、0.40 kg CO2-eq·元-1和0.44 kg CO2-eq·元-1.冬小麦-夏玉米种植系统粮食生产的碳足迹主要来自氮肥的生产(48.30％)和氮肥施用(12.04％)、灌溉耗电(12.94％)和农业机械耗油(11.20％)等方面.综上可知,优化肥料施用、减少氮肥用量和节水灌溉等措施是实现当地粮食清洁生产的重要途径.%Grain production can generate huge amount of greenhouse gases through raw material production and energy comsumption, nitrogen fertilizer amendment and farming machinery operation. Based questionnaire survey of raw material inputs and management of wheat-maize cropping system in Gaomi, Shandong Province, carbon footprint of grain production was calculated using life cycle assessment methodology. Carbon footprint per unit area of wheat, maize, and winter wheat-summer maize cropping system were 5183.33, 3778.09 kg CO2-eq·hm-2 and 8961.42 kg CO2-eq·hm-2, carbon footprint per unit grain yield were 0.69, 0.40 kg CO2-eq·kg-1 and 0.53 kg CO2-eq· kg-1, carbon footprint per unit net present value were 1.82, 0.40 kg CO2-eq·yuan-1 and 0.44 kg CO2-eq·yuan-1, respectively. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of winter wheat-summer maize cropping system mainly came from nitrogen fertilizer production (48.30％) and nitrogen fertilizer application(12.04％), irrigation electricity consumption (12.94％) and machinery oil consumption(11.20％). Optimizing the application of fertilizer, reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and saving water irrigation were important ways to realize the clean production.
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