热带地区锯齿型温室微气候环境初步研究

摘要

笔者于2010年9月至2011年7月采用5点法和9点法对中国热带农业科学院橡胶种质资源圃锯齿型温室微气候环境进行了初步研究，以期为锯齿型温室在热带地区改良设计提供理论基础支撑。结果表明：①锯齿型温室年平均透光率为35．21％，内部光照较强；在2010年9月25日、11月13日及7月8日中午温室内最强光照强度达到了45000 lux以上，超过了作物光照饱和点，需要适当遮阳。②锯齿型温室内最高日平均温度为38．59℃，最低日平均温度为17．43℃，要求具备降温措施；室内地表温度低于露地地表温度约3℃，可为植物提供优于露地的根部生长环境；骨架和薄膜的日最高温度达到了45．00℃以上，应进行适当改良设计以延长使用寿命。③锯齿型温室内湿度环境比露地湿度环境变化平稳，湿度环境较好。④锯齿型温室内的 CO2浓度日平均值高于400 mg／L ，且通风性强，不需要CO2施肥设备。%This paper researches on microclimate environment in a Sawtooth Greenhouse at rubber germplasm nursery of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture in September 2010 to July 2011 by using the 5 point method and 9 point method .The purpose of this research is to provides greenhouse design theoretical basis in tropical regional .The following conclusions:1.Sawtooth greenhouse annual average light transmission rate is 35.21%, interior light stronger;at noon of September 25, 2010, November 13, 2010, July 8, 2011, the strongest light intensity reach the 45000lux.The light in-tensity exceed light saturation point of the crop , the greenhouse need proper shade;2 .The sawtooth greenhouse highest average daily temperature is 38 .59℃, the lowest daily average temperature is 17 .43℃, requires cooling measures;in-door surface temperature is lower than dew ground surface temperature about 3 ℃, the greenhouse can provide better en-vironment for the roots growth;daily maximum temperature of steel skeleton and the film is more than 45 .00 ℃, appro-priately designed is need to extend the life;3 .Humidity environment is better than the open field , the humidity changes smoothly in the sawtooth greenhouse .4.Daily average CO2 concentration in the greenhouse is higher than 400 mg/L, and the ventilation of the greenhouse is strong , so the sawtooth greenhouse don ’ t need the CO 2 fertilization equipment .