空间诱变对玉米自交系产量性状配合力的诱变效应

摘要

空间诱变育种具有诱变效率高、变异幅度大、育种周期短等特点,是创新种质、拓展种质基础、丰富种质资源的重要途径.为探明空间诱变对不同玉米自交系产量性状配合力的诱变效应,本研究以3份玉米(Zea mays L.)骨干自交系08-641、RP125和18-599为空间诱变基础材料,分别从诱变处理后代中选出优良诱变系为母本,以常用玉米自交系Mo17、478和黄早四等为父本配制杂交组合,在四川和云南两个环境条件下对各杂交组合进行田间试验鉴定,对单株产量性状进行配合力分析.结果表明,08-641和RP125诱变系单株产量一般配合力(GCA)有所降低,18-599诱变系Y2709和Y3235单株产量GCA极显著高于对照.空间诱变对三份玉米自交系单株产量性状配合力效应影响程度不同,总体表现为RP125诱变系变异幅度最大,18-599诱变系次之,08-641诱变系最小.对各杂交组合进行杂种优势分析结果显示,诱变系S1449、Y2803、Y3165和Y3235的杂种优势表现明显,可能具有较大的育种潜势.这些研究结果不仅丰富了玉米育种的物质基础,而且丰富了玉米诱变育种的理论内涵.%Space mutation breeding with the characteristics of high efficiency,large variation rang and short breeding period,is an important way of improving germplasm,broadening germplasm foundation and enriching germplasm resources.In order to understand the mutagenic effect on the combining ability for different inbred lines after spaceflight,three maize(Zea mays L.) inbred lines 08-641,RP125 and 18-599 were used as basic materials for space mutation,some mutation lines obtained from these three inbred lines were used as female parent for three sets of diallel cross design with Mo17,478,Huangzaosi and so on as male parent according to NC Ⅱdesign.The combinations were evaluated at two different locations both in Sichuan and Yunnan,and the general combining ability (GCA) for plant yield was analysed.The results showed that GCA of yield per plant in these mutant lines from 08-641 and RP125 decreased compared with their originalmaterials but GCA of yield per plant in the mutant line Y2709 and Y3235 from 18-599 increased significantly.Space mutation had an effect on the combining ability of plant yield traits in three maize inbred lines with different degrees,the overall performance showed that the variation range in the RP125 mutant line was the biggest,the 18-599 mutation line was the second,and the 08-641 mutation line was the smallest.Hybrid heterosis in mutant lines S1449,Y2803,Y3165,and Y3235 performed significantly higher compared with their original material and might have great potential in breeding.These results not only enrich the material basis of corn breeding,but enrich the theoretical content for mutation breeding.