目的：探讨医务人员锐器伤发生状况，为制定相应的防护措施提供依据。方法：采用回顾性调查的方法，对发生的医务人员锐器伤相关资料进行统计分析。结果：医护人员4976名，发生锐器伤154例次，发生率为3.1％，其中护士是锐器伤发生的主要人群，发生率为11.5％（89/776）、构成比为57.8％（89/154）；工龄在1～5年的医护人员锐器伤发生率最高，随着工作年限的增长，锐器伤发生率逐渐降低；食指是最常见的受伤部位，尤以右手食指为甚，占25.3％（39/154）；锐器伤发生地点位居前三位的是病房内、手术室和检验科，发生率依次为57.79％、30.52％和5.19％；锐器伤主要发生时刻为手术操作与器械整理时、拔针或拔针后处理时、整理用毕锐器时，分别占25.32％、20.78％、19.48％；乙型肝炎病毒是锐器伤的主要阳性暴露源，然而仅有89例（占57.79％）暴露者既往曾接种过乙肝疫苗。结论：加强标准操作规程和职业暴露知识的培训，制定行之有效的职业暴露防护处置方案，是降低医务人员职业暴露风险的关键。%Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of sharp instrument injury,to provide the basis for the development of appropriate protective measures. Method Retrospective study of the data on sharp instrument injury of medical staff. Results There were 4 976 medical workers of which 154 cases were injured by sharp instrument(3. 1% ). The highest in-cidence was seen in nurses,11. 5%(89 / 776)of total staff and 57. 8%(89 / 154)of the whole nurses. About the length of service,highest incidence laid in those with 1 ~ 5 years of service,and with the increase of working years,the incidence of sharp instrument injury dropped gradually. Index finger was the most often injured area,and index finger of the right hand attributed the highest incidence of sharp instrument injury(25. 3% ,39 / 154). The location with the highest incidence of sharp instrument injury was medical ward(57. 79% ),operating room(30. 52% )and clinical laboratory(5. 19% ). The medical procedures with highest risk were processes when operating and finishing operative equipments(25. 32% ),withdrawing needles and proce-dures after that(20. 78% ),and finishing sharp instruments(19. 48% ). HBV was the main positive source of exposure,but on-ly 89 cases of sharp instrument injury(57. 79% )had HBV vaccination before. Conclusion In order to decrease the risk of oc-cupational exposure in medical staff,effective plans are needed for medical occupational exposure protection and training of standing procedure and relevant knowledge is especially important.
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