发酵床育肥猪舍内湿热环境与通风状况研究

摘要

Two types of fattening pig houses,color steel tile (CST) and greenhouse film (GF),with fermentation bed,were selected,to explore the effects of house types and management on temperature,humidity,carbon dioxide (CO2)concentrations and ventilation rate.Ventilation rates per hour in winter,spring,and summer were estimated using a CO2 balance method.The averages of temperatures,relative humidities,CO2 concentrations and ventilation rates in the two types of pig house were 20.3 ℃,77.8％,1 720 mg/m3 and 3 018 m3/h,respectively.The difference of temperature between GF and CST houses was not significant (P＞0.05).The CO2 concentrations and relative humidity in GF house were higher than those in CST house (P＜0.05).In both houses,the CO2 concentrations in winter were higher than those in summer (P＜0.05).The difference of ventilation rate between GF and CST houses was not significant as well (P＞0.05) ;the highest ventilation was in summer,4 460 m3/h,five times greater than the least in winter (786 m3/h).In both houses,the temperatures and ventilation rates could meet the requirement for pig breading in Jiangsu province,however,indoor air should be increased to reduce humidity.%为探讨不同发酵床猪舍结构和管理因素对舍内湿热环境和通风状况的影响,选择彩钢瓦和大棚膜两种结构类型的半钟楼式发酵床猪舍,采用猪舍环境数据自动监测系统,对发酵床猪舍的温度、湿度、CO2浓度进行连续监测,分析冬季、春季和夏季舍内湿热环境状况,确定发酵床猪舍的通风量.结果表明,测试期间不同类型的发酵床猪舍内平均温度为20.3℃,湿度为77.8％,CO2浓度为1 720 mg/m3,通风量为3 018 m3/h;两种发酵床猪舍内平均温度差异不显著(P＞0.05),大棚膜结构猪舍内湿度和CO2浓度显著高于彩钢瓦结构猪舍(P＜0.05),冬季发酵床猪舍CO2浓度显著高于夏季(P＜0.05);两种发酵床猪舍平均通风量差异不显著(P＞0.05),夏季通风量最大,平均为4460m3/h,冬季通风量最小,平均为786 m3/h.供试的两种猪舍结构基本满足江苏地区发酵床生猪饲养对温度和通风环境的需求,但需要进一步增加舍内空气流动以降低舍内湿度过高对生猪生产带来的影响.