不同改良模式对盐碱地土壤理化性质及水稻产量的影响

摘要

Four soil improving modes were employed in a pot experiment by randomized complete block design to study their effects on soil and rice growth. Single improving modes were desulfurized gypsum+modifying agent, organic fer⁃tilizer, irrigation, and rice planting, solely. Integrated modes were combinations of above four measures. Gypsum+modifying agent increased the contents of Ca2+ and Mg2+, SO2-4 , and decreased the contents of Na+ and K+, Cl-, CO2-3 , and HCO-3 , leading to the improvement of soil salinity and alkalinity. The irrigation lowered the soil alkalinity by 51�16% and brought down the salinity by 4�74 g/kg. In treatment T9 which is a improving mode combining gypsum+modifying agent, organic fertilizer, irrigation and rice planting, rice achieved the highest yield, and the plant height, SPAD value, photosynthetic rate, proline content, POD and CAT activities per formed better than those in control. Treatment T9 is favorable for soil sa⁃linity and alkalinity improvement and rice growth.%为了明确单一措施和集成模式对盐碱土的改良效果和对水稻生长的影响，采用随机区组设计，对施用脱硫石膏＋改良剂、有机肥、灌水及种植水稻4个因素9种改良集成模式进行了盆栽试验。结果表明，施用脱硫石膏＋改良剂可增加土壤钙镁离子，降低钾钠离子，同时硫酸根离子增加，氯离子、碳酸根离子、碳酸氢根离子减少，土壤pH值、碱化度降低，具有明显的土壤改良效果。灌水淋洗可降低土壤碱化度51�16％，降低全盐含量4�74 g／kg。集成模式T9处理（施用脱硫石膏十改良剂、有机肥、灌水、种植水稻集成模式）水稻各生育期株高、SPAD值、光合速率、脯氨酸含量、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性等指标显著优于空白对照；集成模式T9处理水稻产量最高，为每盆38�66 g，较T7处理（施用脱硫石膏＋改良剂和种植水稻集成模式）增产每盆0�67 g，较T4处理（施用有机肥和种植水稻集成模式）增产每盆10�27 g。表明T9处理对盐碱土的改良效果和水稻经济产量好于其他处理。