多功能生态塘对高密度水产养殖尾水的净化效果

摘要

为实现高密度养殖尾水的高效净化和循环利用,选择由具有弹性填料的接触氧化塘、稳定塘和沉水涵养塘耦合的多功能生态塘,对高密度水产养殖尾水的净化效果进行研究.结果表明,当接触氧化塘填料生物膜挂膜成熟后,当养鱼塘尾水(总氮浓度为6.84～13.98 mg/L,总磷浓度为0.92～6.52 mg/L)与多功能生态塘之间水体交换量处于6.25%～37.50%时,耦合的多功能生态塘对高密度养殖尾水的总氮、总磷、硝态氮、亚硝态氮和氨态氮均有良好的去除效果,净化后水体亚硝态氮和氨态氮浓度均低于中国渔业养殖水标准值0.12 mg/L和0.02 mg/L,可循环至养鱼池再利用.因此,本研究耦合的多功能生态塘可达到改善水源水质,高效净化养殖尾水并循环利用的目的,对中国养殖业的可持续发展和水资源高效利用具有积极意义.%To achieve efficient purification and recycling of tail water from high density aquaculture,multi-functional eco-logical pond which was consisted of biological contact oxidation pond,stable pond and standing pond was used,and the purifica-tion effect was studied.The results showed that total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)concentration of tail water from fish pond was in the range of 6.84-13.98 mg/L and 0.92-6.52 mg/L,respectively.When the exchange amount of water between the fish pond and the multi-functional ecological pond ranged from 6.25% to 37.50%,the coupled multi-functional ecological pond had good removal effects for the TN,TP,NO3--N,NO2--N and ammonia nitrogen in tail water.Moreover,the concentrations of NO2--N and ammonia nitrogen in the water were lower than the standard value(0.12 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L) of fishery aquacul-ture water quality in China after purification,and the purified water was recycled to the fish pond for reutilization.Therefore,the multi-functional ecological pond had the ability of improving the water quality of high density aquaculture,and had great signifi-cance to the sustainable development of aquaculture industry and the efficient utilization of water resources.