社区养老院压疮现患率调查与护理干预策略

摘要

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate and major influencing factors of pressure ulcer in community nursing home for nursing intervention.Methods Collected the incidence,location,and degree of pressure ulcers in three community nursing homes by giving out questionnaire.Screened and analyzed major influencing factors.Results There were 386 male and 296 female from three community nursing homes,aged from 58 to 97 years old,with an average age of 72.4 years old.There 71 cases (10.4％) (96 location,14.1％) of pressure ulcers in different degree,including 35 cases (49.3％) (45 location,46.9％) of stage Ⅰ,21 cases (29.6％)(31 location,32.3％) of stage Ⅱ,11 cases (15.5％) (14 location,14.6％) of stage Ⅲ,4 cases (5.6％) (6 location,6.3％) of stage Ⅳ,37 cases (52.1％) (44 location,45.8％) with obvious exudation and infection.Age,disease,activity,nutrition,and environment were major influencing factors.Conclusion People are old and weak in community nursing home,short of nursing knowledge,so pressure ulcer is more and serious.It is necessary to develop combination for medicine and pension,strengthen professional guidance and nursing intervention.%目的 探讨社区养老院压疮的现患率及主要影响因素,为实施护理干预提供参考.方法 制定、发放调查表统计3所社区养老院和长者相关信息与压疮发生率、部位及程度,筛选、分析主要影响因素.结果 682例养老院长者男386例、女296例,年龄范围为58 ～ 97岁、平均72.4岁;71例(10.4％)、96处(14.1％)并发不同程度压疮;其中Ⅰ期35例(49.3％)45处(46.9％)、Ⅱ期21例(29.6％)31处(32.3％)、Ⅲ期11例(15.5％) 14处(14.6％)、Ⅳ期4例(5.6％)6处(6.3％);压疮伴有明显渗出、感染者37例(52.1％)44处(45.8％).比较、分析相关条件,显示年龄、疾病、活动能力、营养状况、环境条件等系主要影响因素,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 社区养老院多系年老体弱长者,护理知识缺乏,压疮发生率高、程度重,完善医养结合服务、加强专科指导和护理干预非常必要.