新生儿卡介苗接种情况及护理对策

摘要

Objective To understand neonatal BCG vaccination,reasons for unvaccination,and rate of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in newborns at a large general hospital in Shenzhen.Methods The data on immunizaion and AEFI were collected in Shenzhen People's Hosptial from 2010 to 2012.Results 18,692 neonates were born in Shenzhen People's Hosptial.The rate of BCG vaccination was 94.4％ and it increased year by year (x2=17.67,P =0.000).The general reaction occurred in one patient (fever of 38.7° C) within three years.In the 1,056 newborns who unvaccinated BCG,the reasons for unvaccintion were premature birth (61.1％),low birth weight (21.2％),neonatal asphyxia (10.2％),and other conditions including difficulty breathing,jaundice,deformities,anemia,and congenital heart disease (total 7.5％).Conclusions The rate of BCG vaccination is higher in Shenzhen People's Hospital,and the rate of AEFI is lower.The major reason for unvaccintion is overly strict contraindications.Training should be strengthened in the staff responsible for vaccination.%目的 了解深圳某大型综合性医院出生新生儿卡介苗接种、未接种原因及疑似预防接种不良反应的发生情况,并提出护理对策.方法 收集2010至2012年深圳市人民医院出生新生儿卡介苗接种及疑似不良反应报告资料.结果 2010～2012年深圳市人民医院出生18692名新生儿,新生儿卡介苗接种率为94.4％,随着年份增加,卡介苗接种率有逐年升高的趋势,差别有统计学意义(x 2=17.67,P=0.000).三年中仅发生1例一般反应(发热为38.7℃).三年在医院住院期间有1056入未接种卡介苗,未接种原因主要是早产、低体重、新生儿窒息,分别占61.1％、21.2％、10.2％,还有呼吸困难、黄疸、畸形、贫血、先天性心脏病等共占7.5％.结论 深圳市人民医院住院分娩的新生儿卡介苗接种率较高,疑似预防接种不良反应发生率较低,未接种原因主要是对禁忌症把握过严,需加强预防接种工作人员的培训.