铒：钇-铝石榴石激光治疗牙本质敏感症的机制和特点

摘要

铒：钇-铝石榴石激光（Er：YAGL）治疗牙本质敏感症主要是利用其热效应，激光作用于牙体的敏感部位并产生高温，熔融的牙本质小管表面的有机物变性凝固并封闭牙本质小管，管内液体流动性降低而产生脱敏效果。激光照射改变神经纤维膜对钠和钾离子的通透性，使神经末稍动作电位增加，兴奋性降低，进一步起到镇痛的作用。Er：YAGL具有较高的抑菌和杀菌能力，止血作用强，可增加牙本质的抗酸性能，对牙髓组织损伤小。Er：YAGL有着较好的即刻及远期效果，且投照部位明确，收效快，适用于单颗牙、多颗牙甚至全口牙敏感症的改善和恢复。Er：YAGL的吸水性较钕：钇-铝石榴石激光和CO2激光高，可以有效地消融牙本质和釉质，因此，Er：YAGL在牙本质敏感症中的应用受到了越来越多的关注。本文就Er：YAGL的脱敏机制和特点等研究进展作一综述。%Erbium:yttrum-aluminum-garnet laser(Er:YAGL), which is mainly based on the thermal effect, was used to treat dentin hypersensitivity. Laser affects the sensitive parts of the teeth and elevates temperature. Organic compounds on the surface of dentinal tubules become denatured and solidified, and then dentinal tubules become occluded. The fluidity of the liquid in the tube is reduced, consequently leading to a desensitizing effect. Laser irradiation alters the nerve fiber membrane permeability of sodium and potassium ions. It exerts an analgesic effect, where in the action potential in nerve endings increases and excitability reduces. Er:YAGL exhibits favorable antibacterial and hemostatic effects, increases the acid resistance of dentin, and minimizes injury. Er:YAGL can elicit good short-term and long-term effects. Given its accuracy and rapid onset, Er:YAGL is being widely used to improve the hypersensitivity of single tooth, multiple teeth, or even full mouth. Compared with neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser and CO2 laser, Er:YAGL laser has better hygroscopicity and can effectively ablate dentin and enamel. Therefore, the application of Er:YAGL to alleviate dentin hypersensitivity is a relevant concern. This article reviews the mechanism and features of Er:YAGL.