早产儿静脉营养临床应用现状及进展

摘要

With the development of perinatal medicine,the proportion and number of hospitalized preterm infants are increasing year by year.However,preterm infants are often dependent on intravenous nutrition to maintain their growth and development due to their immature digestive function and high nutritional requirements (especially in extremelypremature infants and extremelylow birth weight infants).The application of parenterai nutrition can not only reduce the inhalation pneumonia and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and other related complications caused by intestinal feeding,but also meet the nutritional needs of preterm infants who cannot tolerate intestinal feeding in a short term,and play an important role in improving the survival rate of preterm infants and improving the prognosis of diseases.The present situation and development of clinical application of intravenous nutrition in preterm infants were reviewed.%随着围生医学的发展,住院早产儿的比例和数量逐年增加.但早产儿消化功能不成熟及对营养需求高的特点(尤见于超早产儿和超低出生体重儿)使其常需要依靠肠外营养维持自身生长发育.静脉营养(parenteral nutrition,PN)的应用,不仅可以减少肠内喂养导致的吸入性肺炎、新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎等相关并发症,而且可以在短期内满足早产儿在无法耐受肠内喂养情况下的营养需求,对提高早产儿生存率和改善疾病预后发挥着重要作用.该文对近年来有关早产儿静脉营养临床应用现状及进展进行综述.