儿童肺炎支原体感染的肺外表现及发病机制

摘要

肺炎支原体(mycoplasma pneumoniae,MP)是儿童呼吸道感染的常见病原,占儿童社区获得性肺炎的10％ ～40％.MP感染表现为一系列的症状和体征,可无症状,也可有致死性肺炎或肺外并发症的发生.肺外表现的机制尚未十分清楚,分为直接型、间接型、血管闭塞型三种.MP感染的肺外表现涉及全身多个系统,如神经系统、心血管系统、血液系统、皮肤及其他系统.该文对MP肺外表现及发病机制进行阐述,以提高临床医生对MP肺外表现的认识.%Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is one of the most common agents of community-acquired pneumonia in children.MP has been reported in 10％ ～ 40％ of cases of community-acquired pneumonia and shows an even higher incidence during epidemics.MP infections display a spectrum of symptoms and signs,ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe and potentially fatal pneumonia or extrapulmonary manifestations.The pathogenesis of extrapulmonary manifestations remain largely unknown.This review classifies extrapulmonary manifestations due to MP infection into three categories:direct type,indirect type and vascular occlusion type.These manifestations include neurological,cardiac,hematological,dermatological and other symptoms.This article presents an overview of extrapulmonary manifestations and pathogenesis of MP infections in children to improve the comprehension for diagnosis.