发育性语言障碍诊断及早期干预

摘要

发育性语言障碍(development language disorder,DLD)是儿童最常见的发育障碍,其病因及发病机制复杂,与多种危险因素有关.我国DLD发病率呈逐年上升的趋势,影响了患儿语言理解和表达能力,对儿童正常的生活和学习产生严重的持久性的影响.DLD甚至会影响患儿成年后的就业和人际社会关系,是目前国内外研究关注的热点.3岁是儿童语言发育的关键时期,更是儿童智力发展的重要时期,早期诊断和干预不仅能够改善患儿的语言能力和社交方式,还能缓解父母的照顾负担,对疾病的预后和康复起着关键性的作用.DLD诊断在不断修改,但迄今为止,仍缺乏统一的定义及诊断标准.目前对于DLD患儿的早期干预主要包括改善的语言环境、家庭个体化干预、互动式阅读和音乐治疗.该文对DLD的诊断和干预措施进行综述,从而为临床医疗人员对发育性语言障碍儿童诊治提供依据.%Development language disorder is a common childhood developmental disability that is caused by multiple factors and it has the complicated etiology and pathogenesis.In China,the morbidity of developmental language disorder is increasing gradually.It affects the understanding and expression of language and has great influence on children' s life and study and even work and life in the future,which attracts more researchers at home and abroad.Early diagnosis and intervention play an important part in the rehabilitation of the disease.It is a critical period of children's language development in 3 years old,but also it is an important period of intellectual development of children.Early diagnosis and intervention can not only improve the children's language skills and social communication,but also reduce the burden of parental care.Early diagnosis and intervention have great influence on the progress and rehabilitation of the disease.So far,the diagnostic criteria of development language disorder are still unavailable,although they have always been modified and improved.There are many ways of early intervention of developmental language disorder such as improving the language environment,specific family intervention,interactive reading and music therapy.This article reviews the research progresses of the early diagnosis and intervention of children with developmental language disorder,in order to give support for the treatment of developmental language disorder.