目的：了解EB病毒（EBV ）在儿童中的感染情况及流行病学特征。方法收集2013年6月至2014年6月住院和门诊就诊的急性上呼吸道感染、支气管炎、肺炎、扁桃体炎等疾病患儿5272例的血液，采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA ）检测EBV衣壳抗原（VCA ）抗体IgM和IgG ，分析患儿的感染情况。结果小于1岁患儿（1943例），1～＜5岁患儿（2479例），5～＜10岁患儿（715例），10～17岁患儿（135例）的EBV‐VCA IgM阳性率分别为5．04％、6．13％、3．92％和2．22％，EBV‐VCA IgG阳性率分别为24．60％、40．98％、62．66％和77．78％。EBV‐VCA IgG阳性率随着年龄增加有增加的趋势，且各年龄组EBV新发感染率和累计感染率比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。春季、夏季、秋季、冬季的EBV‐VCA IgM 阳性率分别为3．35％、6．26％、6． 13％和6．10％，比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）；EBV‐VCA IgG阳性率分别为38．98％、38．38％、38．23％和39．80％，比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。不同季节EBV新发感染率差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论该地区 EBV的儿童感染率仍然处于较高水平，因此家长仍需提高对EB V感染预防的认识。%Objective To investigate the situation of Epstein‐Barr virus infection in children and its epidemiologic feature .Meth‐ods Serum samples of 5 272 children with acute upper respiratory tract infection ,bronchitis ,pneumonia ,tonsillitis and so on were collected from 2013 Jun .to 2014 Jun .,and the Epstein‐Barr virus capsid antigen IgM and IgG were detected by ELISA ,and the in‐fection situation were analyzed .Results 5272 children were analyzed ,in the 0- <1 years old group(1 943 cases) ,1- <5 years old group(2 479 cases) ,5- <10 years old group(715 cases) and 10- <17 years old group(135 cases)years groups ,the positive rates of EBV‐VCA IgM were 5 .04% ,6 .13% ,3 .92% and 2 .22% respectively ,and the positive rates of EBV‐VCA IgG were 24 .60% , 40 .98% ,62 .66% and 77 .78% respectively .The positive rate of EBV‐VCA IgG was increased with the age increased ,there was statistical significance of recent infection rates and cumulative infection rates of EBV in different age group (P<0 .05) .In spring , summer ,autumn and winter ,the positive rates of EBV‐VCA IgM were 3 .35% ,6 .26% ,6 .13% and 6 .10% respectively ,there was statistical significance in different season(P< 0 .05);the positive rates of EBV‐VCA IgG were 38 .98% ,38 .38% ,38 .23% and 39 .80% respectively ,but there was no statistical significance in different season (P>0 .05) .There was statistical significance of the recent infection rates in different season (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The infection rate was still at a high level in this area ,therefore , parents still need to improve awareness on the prevention of EBV infection .
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