禽流感病毒实现种间传播的分子机制

摘要

近年来,H5、H7和H9亚型禽流感病毒跨越种间屏障不断感染人类,特别是人感染H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感后死亡率高达60％.然而这些毒株尚未获得有效的人传人能力,这可能源于人流感病毒和禽流感病毒受体结合特异性的差异,禽流感病毒必须适应人类受体才能实现人际间传播.因此,此文就病毒的氨基酸变异与受体结合特异性、病毒如何在哺乳动物间实现空气传播以及血凝素(HA)和神经氨酸酶(NA)之间功能平衡等方面对种间传播的影响作了综述.%Avian influenza viruses,including H5,H7 and H9 subtypes,can occasionally cross the species barrier and infect humans.Highly pathogenic avian A/H5N1 viruses can cause high mortality in humans (approximately 60％).However,these viruses do not spread efficiently from person to person,perhaps owing to the differences in the receptor-binding specificities of human and avian influenza viruses.The avian influenza viruses must adapt to receptors in humans to acquire efficient human-to-human transmissibility.In this review,the receptor binding specificity relating to amino acid variation,mammal-to-mammal transmission through respiratory droplets and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase balance in interspecies transmission,especially for human being were discussed.