Objective To detect the distribution of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in patients with lacunar infarction (LI) and/or leukoaraiosis (LA) and to analyze the correlation between the CMB related risk factors and cognitive impairment.Methods Thirty-eight patients with LI and/or LA were divided into either a CMB group or a non-CMB group according to the findings of susceptibility weighted imaging.The number of CMB lesions was recorded.Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) were used to conduct cognitive function tests,and the patients were also divided into a cognitive impairment group and a non-cognitive impairment group according to the MoCA scores.The demographic and clinical data in each group were compared.The independent risk factors for CMBs and cognitive impairment were identified.Results Thirteen patients had 58 CMBs in the CMB group.Their distributions were as follows:36 CMBs in basal ganglia and thalamus,14 in cortical and subcortical regions,3 in brain stem,and 5 in cerebellum.There were 25 patients in the non-CBM group,26 in the cognitive impairment group,and 12 in the non-cognitive impairment group.There were significant differences in age and the proportions of hypertension,taking antithrombotic drugs and the patients with LA between the CMB group and the non-CMB group (all P ＜ 0.05).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that only age was an independent risk factor for CMBs (odds ratio 1.103,95％ confidence interval 1.034-1.454; P =0.045).MMSE (26.92±2.87vs.29.00± 1.44; t=2.452,P=0.027) and MoCA (21.62±3.36vs.25.04 ± 2.59; t =-3.493,P =0.001) scores in the CMB group were significantly lower than those in the non-CMB group.There was only significant difference in the number of CMBs between the cognitive impairment group and the non-cognitive impairment group (2.08-± 3.64 vs.0.33 ±0.78; t =-1.629,P =0.010).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only the number of CMBs was an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment (odds ratio,1.534,95％ confidence interval 1.100-2.576; P=0.046).Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the number of CMBs was significantly negatively correlated with the MoCA language (r =-0.229,P=0.003) and the delayed recall (r =-0.332,P=0.042) scores.Conclusions In patients with LI and/or LA,CMBs were correlated with age.Their existence and number were associated with cognitive impairment.%目的 检测腔隙性梗死(lacunar infarction,U)和(或)脑白质疏松(leukoaraiosis,LA)患者脑微出血(cerebral microbleeds,CMBs)的分布,分析CMBs相关的危险因素和与认知损害的相关性.方法 38例U和(或)LA患者根据磁敏感加权成像结果分为CMBs组和非CMBs组,记录各脑区CMBs病灶数量,应用简易智能状态检查量表(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评定量表(Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA)进行认知功能测验,并且根据MoCA评分将患者分为认知损害组和非认知损害组.对各组人口统计学和临床资料进行比较,确定CMBs以及认知损害的独立危险因素.结果 CMBs组13例,共有CMBs灶58个,其分布为基底节及丘脑36个、皮质及皮质下14个、脑干3个、小脑5个,非CMBs组25例;认知损害组26例,非认知损害组12例.CMBs组年龄以及高血压、服用抗栓药和伴有LA的患者比例与非CMBs组存在统计学差异(P均＜0.05).多变量logistic回归分析显示,只有高龄为CMBs的独立危险因素(优势比1.103,95％可信区间1.034～1.454;P =0.045).CMBs组MMSE[(26.92 ±2.87)分对(29.00±1.44)分;t=-2.452,p=0.027]和MoCA[(21.62±3.36)分对(25.04±2.59)分;t=-3.493,P=0.001]评分均显著低于非CMBs组.认知损害组仅CMBs数量与非认知损害组存在统计学差异[(2.08±3.64)个对(0.33±0.78)个;t=-1.629,P=0.010],多变量logistic回归分析显示,仅CMBs数量是认知损害的独立危险因素(优势比1.534,95％可信区间1.100 ～2.576;P=0.046).Spearman等级相关分析显示,CMBs数量与MoCA的语言(r=-0.229,P=0.003)和延迟回忆(r=-0.332,P=0.042)评分呈显著负相关.结论 在LI和(或)LA患者中,CMBs与年龄相关,其存在和数量与认知功能损害相关.
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