马鞍山市2000-2006年麻疹流行病学分析

摘要

Objective To study measles epidemiological characteristics in Ma'anshan,Anhui province during 2000-2006 and provide evidence for strategies and measures of measles prevention and control.Methods The data of measles epidemiological characteristics during 2000-2006 was analyzed with descriptive epidemiology.Results The average annual incidence rate of measles in Ma'anshan was 5.50/100 000 population during 2000-2006,with the highest rate being 10.90/100 000 in 2000 and the lowest rate being 2.94/100000 in 2005.The measles incidence showed a decreasing trend.The youngest case was more than 1 month old.The incidence rates of measles in groups aged≤8 months,9-24 months,3-6 years,7-19 years,and 20-39 years were 30.53/100000,51.60/100000,6.18/100000,18.19/100000,an obvious distribution of seasons with the peak from March to June.The incidence rate in downtown was higher than that in suburb and the highest rate(9.60/100000)was found in Jinjiazhuang district.60.92% of the subjects with immunization history and 39.08% of those with unknown immunization history occurred measles.The nationwide epidemic surveillance system and the measles surveillance system tended to be similar after 2004.Conclusions The measles incidence are increasing in populations aged≤8 months,9-24 months,and 7-19 years.Routine vaccination should be strengthened for prevention and control of measles.Measles vaccination campaign can be conducted in children entering school or in students at schoot at proper time.The surveillance and intervention of the measles cases should be implemented.%目的 了解马鞍山市2000-2006年麻疹流行病学特征,为制定消除麻疹策略提供依据.方法 对2000-2006年麻疹发病资料进行描述性流行病学分析.结果 2000-2006年间,马鞍山市麻疹年平均发病率为5.50/10万,最高10.90/10万,最低2.94/10万,麻疹发病总体上呈下降趋势.麻疹病例最小1个多月,≤8月龄、9～24月龄、3～6岁、7～19岁和20～39岁组发病人数分别占2.73%、13.66%,5.67%、52.10%和25.21%,发病率分别为30.53/10万、51.60/10万、6.18/10万、18.19/10万和3.32/10万.男女发病比例为1∶0.64.病例分布有明显的季节性,发病高峰在3-6月份.地区分布以金家庄区最高(9.60/10万),城区高于农村.本市儿童主要接种麻疹减毒活疫苗,麻疹病例中有免疫史者占60.92%,无免疫史和免疫史不详者占39.08%.2004年以后传染病疫情网络报告系统和麻疹疫情专报系统的报告结果渐趋一致.结论 本市人群中,≤8月龄、9～24月龄和7～19岁人群麻疹发病增多,因此,要提高麻疹常规免疫接种工作质量,并适时开展对入学儿童或在校学生的麻疹疫苗强化免疫,加强麻疹病例监测和干预工作.