新型丙纶纤维填充式回热器单级脉管制冷机性能实验研究

摘要

As the key component of regenerative cryocooler, regenerator and its filled material has great influence on thermal performance of the whole machine. Fine fibrous Polyester was selected as new material filled for regenerator, and experimental research was taken on a single-stage pulse tube cryocooler. The microstructure and physical parameters of the fibrous material were taken. Based on helium-3 charging pressures respectively of 3.5MPa /3.0MPa /2.8MPa /2.5MPa /2.0MPa /1.5MPa, the thermal performances of temperature dropping, working frequency and cooling are collected. The lowest refrigeration temperature, the optimum working frequency, maximum cooling capacity and the maximum percent of Carnot efficiency are obtained and analyzed. The charging air pressure had a profound effect on the thermal performance of the pulse tube cryocooler while the operating frequency played a slightly effect on it. The maximum percent of Carnot efficiency 9.46%@170K/10.06W/77W, the maximum cooling capacity 5.47W@120K/2.5MPa, 12.02W@150K/3.0MPa, 16.49W@170K/3.0MPa, and the lowest refrigeration temperature 96.4K are obtained in the experiment.%回热器作为回热式低温制冷机的关键部件,其填充介质对整体性能影响很大.采用丙纶纤维作为回热器新型填充介质,对单级脉管制冷机进行了试验研究.对丙纶微尺度空间结构及物理性能进行了分析,基于充气压力分别为3.5 MPa/3.0 MPa/2.8 MPa/2.5 MPa/2.0 MPa/1.5 MPa的工况下,进行了降温性能、频率性能、制冷性能试验,获取了最低制冷温度,最佳工作频率及最大比卡诺效率.研究结果表明,充气压力对丙纶填充回热器的制冷机整体性能影响较大,工作频率的影响不是很明显.最终获得了最大比卡诺效率9.46%@170 K/10.06 W/77 W,最大制冷量为5.47 W@120 K/2.5 MPa、12.02 W@150 K/3.0 MPa、16.49 W@170 K/3.0 MPa,并获得了96.4 K的最低制冷温度.