Forward osmosis(FO) is a kind of new membrane separation technique. Its driving force comes from the naturally existing osmotic pressure difference between feed solution and draw solution. Forward osmosis (FO) technology has become increasingly attractive internationally, in recent years. The basic principles of the FO water treatment are introduced and the key techniques of the new type of water treatment process-FO membrane and draw solution -are pointed out. According to their own technical characteristics, the key techniques are classified and summarized. The newest research progress in the key techniques is introduced from the aspects of fundamental research in labs and the schedule of technique commercialization. Different systems are compared simply from the angle of water flux. The advantages and disadvantages of various raw materials and methods are analyzed and their application foreground is prospected.%正渗透是一种新型的膜分离技术,其分离的驱动力来源于原料液和汲取液之间自然存在的渗透压差,近年来正渗透技术已在国际上得到广泛关注.简述了基于此技术的正渗透水处理过程的基本原理,指出了这种新型水处理过程的关键技术——正渗透膜和汲取液,根据各自的技术特点对其进行分类概述,并从实验室基础研究和技术的商业化进程两方面介绍了这两项关键技术取得的最新研究进展.从水通量角度对不同体系进行了简单比较,分析了各材料和方法的优缺点,并对它们的应用前景进行了展望.
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