接种丛植菌根真菌对湿生植物氮磷吸收能力的影响

摘要

丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌是一类能够与大多数陆生植物共生,并改善植物生长和氮磷吸收的微生物.湿生植物在湿地污染净化过程中起着决定性的作用,但利用AM真菌改良湿生植物氮磷吸收能力的研究鲜有报道.本研究选取了3种湿生植物千屈菜、旱伞草和黄花鸢尾,在盆栽培养的基础上,分别接种根内球囊霉(RE)、摩西球囊霉(GM)、幼套球囊霉(CE)三种AM真菌,并和空白对照比较接种AM真菌对不同植物地上、地下及整株的生物量和氮磷吸收的影响.结果表明,接种AM真菌对植物生长和氮磷吸收的影响呈现出植物间和植物内的差异,促进与抑制效应表现不一.综合AM真菌对植物生物量和氮磷吸收的促进效应,最佳AM真菌-植物的组合为:千屈菜-RE,旱伞草-RE,黄花鸢尾接种-GM.三种植物接种最佳的AM真菌后植物生物量、TN量和TP量分别提高了17.7%~29.8%、15.7%~39.0%和22.3%~62.6%.本研究为今后强化湿生植物的氮磷吸收能力提供了一种新的可选择的途径.%Arbuscular mycorrhizal ( AM) fungi are a class of microorganisms, capable of symbiosis with most terrestrial plants and improving plant growth and adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus. Wetland plants play a decisive role in the purification process of wetland pollution, but there are few reports on improving the absorption capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus of wet plants by AM fungi. In this study, three kinds of wetland plants were selected, such as Lythrumsalicaria, Cyperusalternifolius and Iris wilsonii. In the pot culture, they were inoculated with Rhizophagusintruradices ( RE ) , Glomusmosseae ( GM ) and Claroideoglomusetunicatum ( CE ) fungi, aboveground, underground and whole plant biomass and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake of different plant species were compared with CK. The results showed that the effects of AM fungi on plant growth and adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus were different between and inside plants, and the promotion and inhibition effects were also different. The best combinations of AM fungi and plant were: Lythrumsalicaria-RE, Cyperusalternifolius-RE, Iris wilsonii-GM. The plant biomass, TN and TP of the three plants were increased by 17 . 7% ~29 . 8%, 15 . 7% ~39 . 0% and 22 . 3% ~62 . 6%, respectively after inoculated with the best AM fungi. This study provided a new alternative for enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus uptake capacity of wetland plants in the future.