机身装配工人肌肉骨骼损伤调查和人机工效负荷水平研究

摘要

Prevalent muscoloskeletal disorders among the plane's fuselage assembly workers in Southwest China are described and investigated, with the primary goal of assessing the ergonomic level of the the plane's fuselage assembly line. The worker's recall and the cross sectional observation methods are used in research, as well as the the Nordic Standardized Questionnaire and Quick Exposure of Check(QEC)tool. And the data are tackled using SPSS19.0, p<0.05 to judge the significant differences. 61 workers are interviewed individually. Out of every 10 workers, in the last 12 months, 9 reported complaints in at least one investigated area in the body. The QEC scores show that the neck part (16.86±1.328) and wrist part (42.58±4.931) are in very high ergonomic level. The results suggest that preventive measures such as vocational training, new work techniques, and new work organization with job rotation and active rest and breaks are recommended.%本研究的目标是描述西南地区机身装配线上工人的肌肉骨骼系统疾患的状况;评估机身装配线上的人机工效负荷水平.采用了纵向回顾和横向观察的研究方法,借助标准的北欧MSDs问卷和人机负荷水平快速暴露(QEC)观察工具,采用SPSS19.0处理数据,p<0.05以判断显著性水平.61个样本中,过去的12个月里,10人中有9人至少有一个身体部位有过MSDs症状;QEC结果显示颈椎(16.86±1.328)和手腕(42.58±4.931)是人机工效负荷非常高的部位.研究结果显示,安全的工作姿势和技巧培训、工作组织需要加强,工作环境布局和辅助劳动工具设计可以有效降低人机工效负荷水平.