竞争强度、溢出效应和企业R D策略选择--基于知识产权保护与社会福利最大化的视角

摘要

Firm’s R&D strategy selection is relevant to internal and external characteristics,such as com-petition intensity and intellectual property right. Assuming the pursuit of social welfare maximization,the paper builds two-step Cournot duopoly model to analyse how competition intensity and spillover affect firm’s R&D strategy and policy implication. The study finds spillover effect and social welfare are not monotonic relation-·78· ship simply,and reducing IPR protection can enhance social welfare in special circumstance. For the same spillover effect,the higher degree of product differentiation,the higher of social welfare,which supports Schumpeter’s Hypotheses. The paper questions the exsiting universal patent protection system,and suggests that the ideal IPR protection should take market competition and technology characteristic into consideration. The authorities should combine IPR protection with competition policy in order to encourage innovation and im-prove social welfare.%企业R&D策略选择取决于竞争强度与知识溢出效应的大小，知识溢出效应大小又与知识产权保护强度密切相关。建立两阶段双寡头Cournot模型，分析市场竞争程度和知识溢出效应对企业R&D策略选择的影响及其背后的政策含义。研究发现：知识溢出效应高低与社会福利大小不存在简单的一一对应关系。竞争程度高、产品差别化小的行业，强度高的知识产权保护将减弱知识溢出效应和增强企业创新动力；竞争强度低、产品差别化大的行业，较低的知识产权保护有助于知识溢出，并提高社会的总体福利水平。对现行普适的不分行业特质的专利保护期制度提出质疑，并认为理想的知识产权保护期应与市场的竞争程度、技术等行业内外部特征相适应。为鼓励创新、提高社会福利水平，实践中需将知识产权保护和竞争政策有机结合起来，发挥政策合力。