阐述甲烷化催化剂活性组分、载体和助剂种类对催化性能的影响。分析催化剂失活的主要原因为中毒失活、积炭失活和烧结失活。目前在国内外工业装置上得到应用的主要为Al2 O3、镁铝尖晶石类负载的Ni基甲烷化催化剂。通过载体改性、助剂添加及调配提升催化剂性能是催化剂研发的主要方向。复合载体可以形成特定的稳定结构，提高催化剂的热稳定性；其较高的比表面积利于Ni的分散；碱金属、碱土金属和稀土金属的添加，可以调变载体表面酸性和电负性，减小Ni晶粒尺寸，降低积炭的可能性。%The influence of the active components,carriers and additives on catalytic performance of the methanation catalysts was investigated. The main causes of catalyst deactivation including poisoning deac-tivation,coking deactivation and sintering deactivation were analyzed. Alumina and spinel supported nick-el based methanation catalysts were applied in the commercial units at home and abroad. The performance of the catalysts were improved by support modification,additive addition and adjustment,which were the main research directions of the catalysts. Composite supports could form special stable structures,which favored to improve thermal stability of the catalysts. The high specific surface area of the catalysts was beneficial to the dispersion of nickel. The addition of alkali metals,alkaline-earth metals and rare earth metals could adjust the surface acidity and electronegativity of the supports,decrease the grain size of nickel and reduce the possibility of coke deposit.
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