我国许多废弃和老矿山未实施地质环境治理和土地恢复工程,矿区内环境恶劣.为了解决废弃矿山遗留的环境问题,国家提供了专门的政策和资金进行治理,但亟需从技术层面上提出一套适合国情的设计理论.在总结废弃矿山地质环境治理工程特点的基础上,提出了矿山地质环境治理工程设计的原则、指标和流程,并将设计理论用于广西凤山石灰岩矿山的治理工程设计.结果表明:(1)矿山地质环境问题复杂多样,治理工程涉及环境地质、生态地质、岩土工程、环境工程和景观工程等多学科交叉.治理工程设计需要综合考虑地质环境问题、可行性、效益和社会需求四个主要指标.(2)凤山石灰岩矿山的地质环境问题包括松动危岩、潜在崩塌体、土地和植被资源占用与破坏、地形地貌景观破坏.采取截水、锚固、落石平台和岩石雕刻将采石掌子面改造为公园的景点,并通过岩壁雕刻宣传当地的民俗文化.(3)治理工程消除了废弃采石矿山的地质灾害安全隐患,同时,建设成世界级的雕刻景点,从环境、经济和社会三方面体现了治理工程的效益.%Geo-environmental treatment projects and land restoration plans have not been implemented in many old mines of China. The government provides special policies and funding to solve the geo-environmental problems of those mines. It is necessary to bring up a set of design theory which is suit for Chinese conditions from the technical level. Based on the characteristics of the geo-environmental treatment projects of old mines, the paper puts forward the principle, index and process of the treatment projects and applies in the design of Fengshan limestone mine, Guangxi. The results show that; ( 1 ) The geological environment problems are complex and diverse, and the treatment projects involve a multi-disciplinary cross which are environmental geology, ecology geology, geotechnical engineering, environmental engineering and landscape works. It needs to consider the key indicators; geo-environment problems, feasibility, benefit and social demand. (2) the limestone mine in Fengshan is 134m high, and a collapse of 2. 1 x 104 m3 happened and killed 6 people. The geo-environment problems include rockfall, rock collapse, land and vegetation destruction and landscape damage. Therefore, drainage, anchoring, rockfalls platforms and rock carvings are implemented for the purpose of transforming the mine into a sight spot in the park; ( 3 ) the treatment projects eliminate the geo-hazard and build the world-class carving attractions reflecting the benefit of the project management from the environment, economy and society aspects.
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